Esophageal cancer detection kit or device, and detection method

ABSTRACT

It is intended to provide a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer and a method for detecting esophageal cancer. The present invention provides a kit or a device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to miRNA(s) in a sample f a subject, and a method for detecting esophageal cancer, comprising measuring the miRNA in vitro.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 15/317,857,filed on Dec. 9, 2016, which is the National Phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371of International Application No. PCT/JP2015/067580, filed on Jun. 18,2015, and under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Patent Application No.2014-125036, filed in Japan on Jun. 18, 2014 and to Patent ApplicationNo. 2015-070379, filed in Japan on Mar. 30, 2015, all of which arehereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a kit or a device for the detection ofesophageal cancer, comprising a nucleic acid capable of specificallybinding to a particular miRNA, which is used for examining the presenceor absence of esophageal cancer in a subject, and a method for detectingesophageal cancer, comprising measuring an expression level of the miRNAusing the nucleic acid.

BACKGROUND ART

The esophagus is a tubular organ that conveys food from the mouth to thestomach, and is positioned between the trachea and the backbone. Thewall of the esophagus is divided into 4 layers: mucosa, submucosa,proper muscular layer, and outer membrane from inside toward outside.These layers have their respective functions of conveying food from themouth to the stomach (Non-Patent Literature 1). According to the 2012statistics of cancer type in Japan disclosed by the Center for CancerControl and Information Services, National Cancer Center, the number ofesophageal cancer deaths climbed to 11,592 people, and esophageal canceris the 10th leading cause of cancer type-specific mortality. Japanesemen have 5.6 times higher risk of mortality due to esophageal cancerthan women, and smoking and alcohol intake are reported risk factors foresophageal cancer (Non-Patent Literature 1). Also, it is estimated thatone out of 125 American men and one out of 435 American women experienceesophageal cancer. The estimated number of individuals affected byesophageal cancer in 2014 climbed to 18,170 people, among whichapproximately 15,450 people reportedly died (Non-Patent Literature 1).

The progressed stages of esophageal cancer are defined in Non-PatentLiterature 2 and classified into stage 0 (Tis/N0/M0), stage IA(T1/N0/M0), stage IB (T2/N0/M0), stage IIA (T3/N/M), stage IIB (T1 toT2/N1/M0s), stage IIIA (T4a/N0/M0, T3/N1/M0, and T1 to T2/N2/M), stageIIIB (T3/N2/M0), stage IIIC (T4a/N1 to N2/M0, T4b/M0, and N3/M0), andstage IV (M1) according to tumor size (Tis, T1 to T3, and T4a to T4b),lymph node metastasis (N1 to N3), distant metastasis (M0 to M1), etc.

The 5-year relative survival rate of esophageal cancer largely dependson the stages of cancer progression and is reportedly 39% for tumorslimited to esophageal tissues, 21% for tumors limited to esophageal andadjacent tissues, and 4% for tumors that have metastasized distantly(Non-Patent Literature 1). Thus, the early detection of esophagealcancer leads to drastic improvement in the survival rate. Therefore, theprovision of an approach that permits the early detection is stronglydesired.

The method for treating esophageal cancer is determined in view of thestages of cancer progression and general conditions and mainly includesendoscopic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and anticancer agents.Esophageal cancer that has progressed to some extent is treated bymultimodality therapy which combines these treatment methods to exertsynergistic effects by exploiting their respective features (Non-PatentLiterature 1). Early esophageal cancer at stage 0, 1, or the like may beadaptable to endoscopic therapy or photo dynamic therapy, which placesless burden on patients (Non-Patent Literature 1).

According to Non-Patent Literature 1, initial diagnostic tests ofesophageal cancer are X-ray esophagography and endoscopy. In addition,CT scan, MRI scan, endosonography, ultrasonography, or the like isperformed in order to examine the degree of cancer spread. When thereare findings on suspected esophageal cancer by these initial tests,pathological examination which involves inserting a needle into a lesionand collecting cells or tissues to be examined under a microscope iscarried out as a secondary test. For example, CEA and SCC are known astumor markers in blood for the detection of esophageal cancer(Non-Patent Literature 3).

As shown in Patent Literature 1, there is a report, albeit at a researchstage, on the detection of esophageal cancer using the expression levelsof microRNAs (miRNAs) or combinations of the expression levels of miRNAsand the expression levels of additional protein markers in biologicalsamples including blood.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for detecting esophageal cancerby measuring miRNAs such as miR-663a, miR-92a-3p, and miR-575 in serum.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   Patent Literature 1: Published U.S. Patent Application No.    2014/031246

Non-Patent Literature

-   Non-Patent Literature 1: American Cancer Society, “Esophagus    Cancer”, 2014, p. 2 to 8, 19 to 20, and 29 to 41-   Non-Patent Literature 2: Sobin, L. et al., “TNM Classification of    Malignant Tumours, the 7th edition, Japanese version”, 2009, p. 63    to 68-   Non-Patent Literature 3: Terada, T. et al., 2013, International    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vol. 6 (3), p. 219-26

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to find a novel tumor marker foresophageal cancer and to provide a method that can effectively detectesophageal cancer using a nucleic acid capable of specifically bindingto the marker.

As described in Non-Patent Literature 1, general tests of esophagealcancer are X-ray esophagography and endoscopy. However, ordinary medicalcheckup places emphasis on stomach cancer screening and ofteninsufficiently observes the esophagus. Although these tests are nowpopularized, the number of esophageal cancer deaths in Japan is stillincreasing. Thus, such diagnostic imaging cannot always serve as adeterrent against esophageal cancer. In addition, CT scan or MRI scan iscapable of detecting esophageal cancer with high performance, butrequires a special apparatus and high examination costs. Therefore,these tests are not suitable for widely used as primary tests foresophageal cancer.

For example, CEA and SCC are known as tumor markers in blood for thedetection of esophageal cancer (Non-Patent Literature 3). These markers,however, present problems associated with accuracy in such a way thatthe markers also elevate in cancers other than esophageal cancer.Therefore, their usefulness has not yet been established. If use ofthese markers causes false diagnosis of other cancers as esophagealcancer, this wastes appropriate therapeutic opportunity or placesunnecessary economical and physical burdens on patients due to theapplication of wrong medicine. Hence, the esophageal cancer guidebookprovided by the American Cancer Society makes no mention about thesemarkers (Non-Patent Literature 1).

As described below, there is a report, albeit at a research stage, onthe determination of esophageal cancer using the expression levels ofmicroRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples including blood, none of which,however, have yet to be brought into the practical use.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for detecting esophageal cancerby measuring miRNAs such as miR-663a, miR-92a-3p, and miR-575 in serum.Specifically, this literature shows a list of miRNAs that vary in serumin 16 esophageal cancer patients compared with 12 healthy subjects, andthe presence or absence of esophageal cancer is determined by measuringthe expression levels of these miRNAs. This detection method, however,includes few Examples or statements regarding specific detectionperformance such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity fordetermining esophageal cancer, and is thus industrially less practical.hsa-miR-345, which was only one miRNA validated therein, had AUC of0.814 and is difficult to use alone for determining esophageal canceraccording to the description.

As mentioned above, the existing tumor markers exhibit low performancein the detection of esophageal cancer, or neither performance nordetection methods are specifically shown as to the markers at a researchstage. Therefore, use of these markers might lead to carrying outneedless extra examination due to the false detection of healthysubjects as being esophageal cancer patients, or might waste therapeuticopportunity because of overlooking esophageal cancer patients. Inaddition, the measurement of dozens of miRNAs increases examinationcosts and is therefore difficult to use in large-scale screening such asmedical checkup. Furthermore, the collection of esophageal tissues formeasuring the tumor markers is highly invasive to patients and is notfavorable. Hence, there is a demand for a highly accurate esophagealcancer marker that is detectable from blood, which can be collected withlimited invasiveness, and is capable of correctly identifying anesophageal cancer patient as an esophageal cancer patient and a healthysubject as a healthy subject. Particularly, the early detection andtreatment of esophageal cancer can drastically improve survival rates.In addition, endoscopic therapy or photo dynamic therapy which placesless burden on patients can be applied as a therapeutic choice.Therefore, a highly sensitive esophageal cancer marker capable ofdetecting esophageal cancer even at an early progressed stage isdesired.

Solution to Problem

The present inventors have conducted diligent studies to attain theobject and consequently completed the present invention by findingmultiple genes usable as markers for the detection of esophageal cancerfrom blood and finding that esophageal cancer can be significantlydetected by using nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to anyof these markers.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention has the following features:

(1) A kit for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleicacid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotideselected from the group consisting of the following esophageal cancermarkers: miR-204-3p, miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p,miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p,miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p,miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417,miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p,miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p,miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p,miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p,miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072,miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p,miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651,miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p,miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154,miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476,miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p,miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197,miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p,miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p,miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202,miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443,miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b,miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p,miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b,miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p,miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532,miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739,miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p,miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688,miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p,miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p,miR-4484, miR-6819-5p and miR-6794-5p.

(2) The kit according to (1), wherein miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p,miR-1247-3p is hsa-miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p,miR-6857-5p is hsa-miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3188is hsa-miR-3188, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4257 is hsa-miR-4257,miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p,miR-6825-5p is hsa-miR-6825-5p, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-3185 ishsa-miR-3185, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p ishsa-miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p ishsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p ishsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-4792 ishsa-miR-4792, miR-7845-5p is hsa-miR-7845-5p, miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417,miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p is hsa-miR-1225-5p, miR-1231is hsa-miR-1231, miR-1225-3p is hsa-miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p ishsa-miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-6125 ishsa-miR-6125, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-6787-5p is hsa-miR-6787-5p,miR-6784-5p is hsa-miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-5572 is hsa-miR-5572, miR-6842-5p ishsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-8063 is hsa-miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p ishsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p ishsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p ishsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p is hsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p ishsa-miR-7110-5p, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-1233-5p ishsa-miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-3937 ishsa-miR-3937, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-7109-5p,miR-6088 is hsa-miR-6088, miR-6782-5p is hsa-miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p ishsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-6724-5p ishsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516,miR-6756-5p is hsa-miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p,miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p is hsa-miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p is hsa-miR-3679-5p,miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p,miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p is hsa-miR-939-5p, miR-602is hsa-miR-602, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-6749-5p ishsa-miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p is hsa-miR-1914-3p, miR-4651 ishsa-miR-4651, miR-4695-5p is hsa-miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p ishsa-miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p ishsa-miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p is hsa-miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p ishsa-miR-3620-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131, miR-6732-5p ishsa-miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p ishsa-miR-23a-3p, miR-3154 is hsa-miR-3154, miR-4723-5p ishsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p is hsa-miR-3663-3p, miR-4734 ishsa-miR-4734, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442,miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-1249 ishsa-miR-1249, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p ishsa-miR-887-3p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-6766-3p ishsa-miR-6766-3p, miR-4673 is hsa-miR-4673, miR-6779-5p ishsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4706 is hsa-miR-4706, miR-1268b is hsa-miR-1268b,miR-4632-5p is hsa-miR-4632-5p, miR-3197 is hsa-miR-3197, miR-6798-5p ishsa-miR-6798-5p, miR-711 is hsa-miR-711, miR-6840-3p is hsa-miR-6840-3p,miR-6763-5p is hsa-miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p is hsa-miR-6824-5p, miR-4648is hsa-miR-4648, miR-1227-5p is hsa-miR-1227-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564,miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-6737-5p ishsa-miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p is hsa-miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p ishsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-4675 is hsa-miR-4675, miR-1915-3p ishsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p is hsa-miR-671-5p, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656,miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-4449is hsa-miR-4449, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4649-5p ishsa-miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p is hsa-miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p ishsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-6870-5p ishsa-miR-6870-5p, miR-4443 is hsa-miR-4443, miR-6808-5p ishsa-miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p is hsa-miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p ishsa-miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p is hsa-miR-135a-3p, miR-663b ishsa-miR-663b, miR-1343-5p is hsa-miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p ishsa-miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p is hsa-miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p ishsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p is hsa-miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p ishsa-miR-4640-5p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p ishsa-miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p, miR-4281 ishsa-miR-4281, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p ishsa-miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p is hsa-miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p ishsa-miR-5001-5p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-6126 is hsa-miR-6126,miR-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p, miR-4459 is hsa-miR-4459, miR-1268a ishsa-miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p is hsa-miR-6752-5p, miR-6131 is hsa-miR-6131,miR-6800-5p is hsa-miR-6800-5p, miR-4532 is hsa-miR-4532, miR-6872-3p ishsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-6769a-5p ishsa-miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p is hsa-miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p ishsa-miR-6765-5p, miR-4739 is hsa-miR-4739, miR-4525 is hsa-miR-4525,miR-4270 is hsa-miR-4270, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-6785-5p ishsa-miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p ishsa-miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486,miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p is hsa-miR-6802-5p,miR-6861-5p is hsa-miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p is hsa-miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p is hsa-miR-6851-5p, miR-7704is hsa-miR-7704, miR-149-3p is hsa-miR-149-3p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689,miR-4688 is hsa-miR-4688, miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p ishsa-miR-23b-3p, miR-614 is hsa-miR-614, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913,miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p is hsa-miR-6717-5p, miR-3648 ishsa-miR-3648, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p ishsa-miR-1909-3p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p ishsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-4484 ishsa-miR-4484, miR-6819-5p is hsa-miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p ishsa-miR-6794-5p.

(3) The kit according to (1) or (2), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/arepolynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotidesequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, avariant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675,(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivativethereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides,(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, and(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (a) to (d).

(4) The kit according to any of (1) to (3), wherein the kit furthercomprises a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding topolynucleotide(s) selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575and miR-24-3p.

(5) The kit according to (4), wherein miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, andmiR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p.

(6) The kit according to (4) or (5), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/arepolynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676,(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacementof u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragmentthereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (f) to (i).

(7) The kit according to any of (1) to (6), wherein the kit furthercomprises a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least onepolynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the following otheresophageal cancer markers: miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p,miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p,miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a,miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196,miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 and miR-6879-5p.

(8) The kit according to (7), wherein miR-675-5p is hsa-miR-675-5p,miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p is hsa-miR-6777-5p, miR-4497is hsa-miR-4497, miR-296-3p is hsa-miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p ishsa-miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p is hsa-miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p ishsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p is hsa-miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p ishsa-miR-92a-3p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294, miR-4763-3p ishsa-miR-4763-3p, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-663a is hsa-miR-663a,miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-4667-5p is hsa-miR-4667-5p, miR-6090 ishsa-miR-6090, miR-4730 is hsa-miR-4730, miR-7106-5p is hsa-miR-7106-5p,miR-3196 is hsa-miR-3196, miR-5698 is hsa-miR-5698, miR-6087 ishsa-miR-6087, miR-4665-5p is hsa-miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 is hsa-miR-8059,and miR-6879-5p is hsa-miR-6879-5p.

(9) The kit according to (7) or (8), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is/arepolynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214,(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 ora nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement ofu with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (k) to (n).

(10) The kit according to any of (1) to (9), wherein the kit comprisesat least two nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to at leasttwo polynucleotides, respectively, selected from all of the esophagealcancer markers according to (1) or (2).

(11) A device for the detection of esophageal cancer, comprising nucleicacid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one polynucleotideselected from the group consisting of the following esophageal cancermarkers: miR-204-3p, miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p,miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p,miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p,miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417,miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p,miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p,miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p,miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p,miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072,miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p,miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651,miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p,miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154,miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476,miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p,miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197,miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p,miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p,miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202,miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443,miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b,miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p,miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b,miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p,miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532,miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739,miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p,miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688,miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p,miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p,miR-4484, miR-6819-5p and miR-6794-5p.

(12) The device according to (11), wherein miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p,miR-1247-3p is hsa-miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p,miR-6857-5p is hsa-miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3188is hsa-miR-3188, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4257 is hsa-miR-4257,miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p,miR-6825-5p is hsa-miR-6825-5p, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-3185 ishsa-miR-3185, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p ishsa-miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p ishsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p ishsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-4792 ishsa-miR-4792, miR-7845-5p is hsa-miR-7845-5p, miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417,miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p is hsa-miR-1225-5p, miR-1231is hsa-miR-1231, miR-1225-3p is hsa-miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p ishsa-miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-6125 ishsa-miR-6125, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-6787-5p is hsa-miR-6787-5p,miR-6784-5p is hsa-miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-5572 is hsa-miR-5572, miR-6842-5p ishsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-8063 is hsa-miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p ishsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p ishsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p ishsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p is hsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p ishsa-miR-7110-5p, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-1233-5p ishsa-miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-3937 ishsa-miR-3937, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-7109-5p,miR-6088 is hsa-miR-6088, miR-6782-5p is hsa-miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p ishsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-6724-5p ishsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516,miR-6756-5p is hsa-miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p,miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p is hsa-miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p is hsa-miR-3679-5p,miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p,miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p is hsa-miR-939-5p, miR-602is hsa-miR-602, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-6749-5p ishsa-miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p is hsa-miR-1914-3p, miR-4651 ishsa-miR-4651, miR-4695-5p is hsa-miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p ishsa-miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p ishsa-miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p is hsa-miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p ishsa-miR-3620-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131, miR-6732-5p ishsa-miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p ishsa-miR-23a-3p, miR-3154 is hsa-miR-3154, miR-4723-5p ishsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p is hsa-miR-3663-3p, miR-4734 ishsa-miR-4734, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442,miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-1249 ishsa-miR-1249, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p ishsa-miR-887-3p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-6766-3p ishsa-miR-6766-3p, miR-4673 is hsa-miR-4673, miR-6779-5p ishsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4706 is hsa-miR-4706, miR-1268b is hsa-miR-1268b,miR-4632-5p is hsa-miR-4632-5p, miR-3197 is hsa-miR-3197, miR-6798-5p ishsa-miR-6798-5p, miR-711 is hsa-miR-711, miR-6840-3p is hsa-miR-6840-3p,miR-6763-5p is hsa-miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p is hsa-miR-6824-5p, miR-4648is hsa-miR-4648, miR-1227-5p is hsa-miR-1227-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564,miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-6737-5p ishsa-miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p is hsa-miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p ishsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-4675 is hsa-miR-4675, miR-1915-3p ishsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p is hsa-miR-671-5p, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656,miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-4449is hsa-miR-4449, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4649-5p ishsa-miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p is hsa-miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p ishsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-6870-5p ishsa-miR-6870-5p, miR-4443 is hsa-miR-4443, miR-6808-5p ishsa-miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p is hsa-miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p ishsa-miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p is hsa-miR-135a-3p, miR-663b ishsa-miR-663b, miR-1343-5p is hsa-miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p ishsa-miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p is hsa-miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p ishsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p is hsa-miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p ishsa-miR-4640-5p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p ishsa-miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p, miR-4281 ishsa-miR-4281, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p ishsa-miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p is hsa-miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p ishsa-miR-5001-5p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-6126 is hsa-miR-6126,miR-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p, miR-4459 is hsa-miR-4459, miR-1268a ishsa-miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p is hsa-miR-6752-5p, miR-6131 is hsa-miR-6131,miR-6800-5p is hsa-miR-6800-5p, miR-4532 is hsa-miR-4532, miR-6872-3p ishsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-6769a-5p ishsa-miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p is hsa-miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p ishsa-miR-6765-5p, miR-4739 is hsa-miR-4739, miR-4525 is hsa-miR-4525,miR-4270 is hsa-miR-4270, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-6785-5p ishsa-miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p ishsa-miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486,miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p is hsa-miR-6802-5p,miR-6861-5p is hsa-miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p is hsa-miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p is hsa-miR-6851-5p, miR-7704is hsa-miR-7704, miR-149-3p is hsa-miR-149-3p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689,miR-4688 is hsa-miR-4688, miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p ishsa-miR-23b-3p, miR-614 is hsa-miR-614, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913,miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p is hsa-miR-6717-5p, miR-3648 ishsa-miR-3648, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p ishsa-miR-1909-3p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p ishsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-4484 ishsa-miR-4484, miR-6819-5p is hsa-miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p ishsa-miR-6794-5p.

(13) The device according to (11) or (12), wherein the nucleic acid(s)is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of thefollowing polynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotidesequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, avariant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675,(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivativethereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides,(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, and(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (a) to (d).

(14) The device according to any of (11) to (13), wherein the devicefurther comprises nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding topolynucleotide(s) selected from other esophageal cancer markers miR-575and miR-24-3p.

(15) The device according to (14), wherein miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, andmiR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p.

(16) The device according to (14) or (15), wherein the nucleic acid(s)is/are polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of thefollowing polynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676,(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacementof u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragmentthereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (f) to (i).

(17) The device according to any of (11) to (16), wherein the devicefurther comprises a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to atleast one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of thefollowing other esophageal cancer markers: miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p,miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p,miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076,miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p,miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p.

(18) The device according to (17), wherein miR-675-5p is hsa-miR-675-5p,miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p is hsa-miR-6777-5p, miR-4497is hsa-miR-4497, miR-296-3p is hsa-miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p ishsa-miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p is hsa-miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p ishsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p is hsa-miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p ishsa-miR-92a-3p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294, miR-4763-3p ishsa-miR-4763-3p, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-663a is hsa-miR-663a,miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-4667-5p is hsa-miR-4667-5p, miR-6090 ishsa-miR-6090, miR-4730 is hsa-miR-4730, miR-7106-5p is hsa-miR-7106-5p,miR-3196 is hsa-miR-3196, miR-5698 is hsa-miR-5698, miR-6087 ishsa-miR-6087, miR-4665-5p is hsa-miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 is hsa-miR-8059,and miR-6879-5p is hsa-miR-6879-5p.

(19) The device according to (17) or (18), wherein the nucleic acid is apolynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214,(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 ora nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement ofu with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (k) to (n).

(20) The device according to any one of (11) to (19), wherein the deviceis for measurement based on a hybridization technique.

(21) The device according to (20), wherein the hybridization techniqueis a nucleic acid array technique.

(22) The device according to any of (11) to (21), wherein the devicecomprises at least two nucleic acids capable of specifically binding toat least two polynucleotides, respectively, selected from all of theesophageal cancer markers according to (11) or (12).

(23) A method for detecting esophageal cancer, comprising measuring anexpression level of a target nucleic acid in a sample of a subject usinga kit according to any of (1) to (10) or a device according to any of(11) to (22), and evaluating the subject in vitro as having esophagealcancer or having no esophageal cancer using the measured expressionlevel and a control expression level of a healthy subject measured inthe same way as above.

(24) The method according to (23), wherein the subject is a human.

(25) The method according to (23) or (24), wherein the sample is blood,serum, or plasma.

Definition of Term

The terms used herein are defined as follows.

Abbreviations or terms such as nucleotide, polynucleotide, DNA, and RNAabide by “Guidelines for the preparation of specification which containnucleotide and/or amino acid sequences” (edited by Japan Patent Office)and common use in the art.

The term “polynucleotide” used herein refers to a nucleic acid includingany of RNA, DNA, and RNA/DNA (chimera). The DNA includes any of cDNA,genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA. The aforementioned RNA includes any oftotal RNA, mRNA, rRNA, miRNA, siRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, non-coding RNA andsynthetic RNA. Here, the “synthetic DNA” and the “synthetic RNA” referto DNA and RNA artificially prepared using, for example, an automaticnucleic acid synthesizer, on the basis of predetermined nucleotidesequences (which may be any of natural and non-natural sequences). The“non-natural sequence” used herein is intended to be used in a broadsense and includes, for example, a sequence comprising substitution,deletion, insertion, and/or addition of one or more nucleotide(s) (i.e.,a variant sequence) and a sequence comprising one or more modifiednucleotide(s) (i.e., a modified sequence), which are different from thenatural sequence. The term “polynucleotide” used herein is usedinterchangeably with the term “nucleic acid”.

The term “fragment” used herein is a polynucleotide having a nucleotidesequence that consists of a consecutive portion of a polynucleotide anddesirably has a length of 15 or more nucleotides, preferably 17 or morenucleotides, more preferably 19 or more nucleotides.

The term “gene” used herein is intended to include not only RNA anddouble-stranded DNA but also each single-stranded DNA such as a plus (+)strand (or a sense strand) or a complementary strand (or an antisensestrand) that constitutes a duplex. The gene is not particularly limitedby its length. Thus, the “gene” used herein includes any ofdouble-stranded DNA including human genomic DNA, single-stranded DNA(plus strand), single-stranded DNA having a sequence complementary tothe plus strand (complementary strand) including cDNA, microRNA (miRNA),and their fragments, and their transcripts, unless otherwise specified.The “gene” includes not only a “gene” represented by a particularnucleotide sequence (or SEQ ID NO) but also “nucleic acids” encodingRNAs having biological functions equivalent to RNA encoded by the gene,for example, a congener (i.e., a homolog or an ortholog), a variant(e.g., a genetic polymorph), and a derivative. Specific examples of sucha “nucleic acid” encoding a congener, a variant, or a derivative caninclude a “nucleic acid” having a nucleotide sequence hybridizing understringent conditions described later to a complementary sequence of anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t. Regardless whether or not there is a difference in functionalregion, the “gene” can comprise, for example, expression regulatoryregions, coding regions, exons, or introns. The “gene” may be containedin a cell or may exist alone after being released from a cell.Alternatively, the “gene” may be in a state enclosed in a vesicle calledexosome.

The term “exosome” used herein is a vesicle that is encapsulated bylipid bilayer and secreted from a cell. The exosome is derived from amultivesicular endosome and may incorporate biomaterials such as “genes”(e.g., RNA or DNA) or proteins when released into an extracellularenvironment. The exosome is known to be contained in a body fluid suchas blood, serum, plasma or lymph.

The term “transcript” used herein refers to an RNA synthesized from theDNA sequence of a gene as a template. RNA polymerase binds to a sitecalled a promoter located upstream of the gene and adds ribonucleotidescomplementary to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the 3′ end tosynthesize RNA. This RNA contains not only the gene itself but also thewhole sequence from a transcription initiation site to the end of apolyA sequence, including expression regulatory regions, coding regions,exons, or introns.

Unless otherwise specified, the term “microRNA (miRNA)” used herein isintended to mean a 15- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNA that is involvedin the suppression of translation of mRNA, and that transcribed as anRNA precursor having a hairpin-like structure, cleaved by adsRNA-cleaving enzyme which has RNase III cleavage activity, andintegrated into a protein complex called RISC.

The term “miRNA” used herein includes not only a “miRNA” represented bya particular nucleotide sequence (or SEQ ID NO) but also a precursor ofthe “miRNA” (pre-miRNA or pri-miRNA), and miRNAs that have biologicalfunctions equivalent thereto, for example, a congener (i.e., a homologor an ortholog), a variant (e.g., a genetic polymorph), and aderivative. Such a precursor, a congener, a variant, or a derivative canbe specifically identified using miRBase Release 20(http://www.mirbase.org/), and examples thereof can include a “miRNA”having a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under stringent conditionsdescribed later to a complementary sequence of any particular nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700. The term “miRNA”used herein may be a gene product of a miR gene. Such a gene productincludes a mature miRNA (e.g., a 15- to 25-nucleotide or 19- to25-nucleotide non-coding RNA involved in the suppression of translationof mRNA as described above) or a miRNA precursor (e.g., pre-miRNA orpri-miRNA as described above).

The term “probe” used herein includes a polynucleotide that is used forspecifically detecting RNA resulting from the expression of a gene or apolynucleotide from the RNA, and/or a polynucleotide complementarythereto.

The term “primer” used herein includes a polynucleotide thatspecifically recognizes and amplifies an RNA resulting from theexpression of a gene or a polynucleotide from the RNA, and/or apolynucleotide complementary thereto. In this context, the complementarypolynucleotide (complementary strand or reverse strand) means apolynucleotide in a complementary relationship of-A:T (U) and G:C basepairs with the full-length sequence of a polynucleotide consisting of anucleotide sequence defined by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, or a partial sequence thereof (here, this full-length or partialsequence is referred to as a plus strand for the sake of convenience).However, such a complementary strand is not limited to a sequencecompletely complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target plusstrand and may have a complementary relationship to an extent thatpermits hybridization under stringent conditions to the target plusstrand.

The term “stringent conditions” used herein refers to conditions underwhich a nucleic acid probe hybridizes to its target sequence to a largerextent (e.g., a measurement value equal to or larger than “(a mean ofbackground measurement values)+(a standard deviation of the backgroundmeasurement values)×2”) than that for other sequences. The stringentconditions are dependent on a sequence and differ depending on anenvironment where hybridization is performed. A target sequence that is100% complementary to the nucleic acid probe can be identified bycontrolling the stringency of hybridization and/or washing conditions.Specific examples of the “stringent conditions” will be mentioned later.

The term “Tm value” used herein means a temperature at which thedouble-stranded moiety of a polynucleotide is denatured into singlestrands so that the double strands and the single strands exist at aratio of 1:1.

The term “variant” used herein means, in the case of a nucleic acid, anatural variant attributed to polymorphism, mutation, or the like; avariant containing the deletion, substitution, addition, or insertion of1 or 2 or more nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, or a partial sequence thereof,a variant that exhibits identity of approximately 90% or higher,approximately 95% or higher, approximately 97% or higher, approximately98% or higher, approximately 99% or higher to each of these nucleotidesequences or the partial sequence thereof; or a nucleic acid hybridizingunder the stringent conditions defined above to a polynucleotide or anoligonucleotide comprising each of these nucleotide sequences or thepartial sequence thereof.

The term “several” or “plurality” used herein means an integer ofapproximately 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2.

The variant used herein can be prepared by use of a well-known techniquesuch as site-directed mutagenesis or PCR-based mutagenesis.

The term “identity” used herein can be determined with or without anintroduced gap, using a protein or gene search system based on BLAST orFASTA (Zheng Zhang et al., 2000, J. Comput. Biol., Vol. 7, p. 203-214;Altschul, S. F. et al., 1990, Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 215, p.403-410; and Pearson, W. R. et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A,Vol. 85, p. 2444-2448).

The term “derivative” used herein is meant to include a unlimitedlymodified nucleic acid, for example, a derivative labeled with afluorophore or the like, a derivative containing a modified nucleotide(e.g., a nucleotide containing a group such as halogen, alkyl such asmethyl, alkoxy such as methoxy, thio, or carboxymethyl, and a nucleotidethat has undergone base rearrangement, double bond saturation,deamination, replacement of an oxygen molecule with a sulfur atom,etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid; Nielsen, P. E. et al., 1991, Science,Vol. 254, p. 1497-500), and LNA (locked nucleic acid; Obika, S. et al.,1998, Tetrahedron Lett., Vol. 39, p. 5401-5404) n.

The “nucleic acid” used herein capable of specifically binding to apolynucleotide selected from the esophageal cancer marker miRNAsdescribed above is a synthesized or prepared nucleic acid andspecifically includes a “nucleic acid probe” or a “primer”. The “nucleicacid” is utilized directly or indirectly for detecting the presence orabsence of esophageal cancer in a subject, for diagnosing the presenceor absence of esophageal cancer the severity of esophageal cancer, thepresence or absence of amelioration or the degree of amelioration ofesophageal cancer, or the therapeutic sensitivity of esophageal cancer,or for screening for a candidate substance useful in the prevention,amelioration, or treatment of esophageal cancer. The “nucleic acid”includes a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, and a polynucleotide capableof specifically recognizing and binding to a transcript represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or a synthetic cDNA nucleic acid thereof invivo, particularly, in a sample such as a body fluid (e.g., blood orurine), in relation to the development of esophageal cancer. Thenucleotide, the oligonucleotide, and the polynucleotide can beeffectively used as probes for detecting the aforementioned geneexpressed in vivo, in tissues, in cells, or the like on the basis of theproperties described above, or as primers for amplifying theaforementioned gene expressed in vivo.

The term “detection” used herein is interchangeable with the term“examination”, “measurement”, “detection”, or “decision support”. Theterm “evaluation” used herein is meant to include diagnosing orevaluation-supporting on the basis of examination results or measurementresults.

The term “subject” used herein means a mammal such as a primateincluding a human and a chimpanzee, a pet animal including a dog and acat, a livestock animal including cattle, a horse, sheep, and a goat,and a rodent including a mouse and a rat. The term “healthy subject”also means such a mammal without the cancer to be detected, i.e.,esophageal cancer.

The term “P” or “P value” used herein refers to a probability at which amore extreme statistic than that actually calculated from data undernull hypothesis is observed in a statistical test. Thus, smaller “P” or“P value” s regarded as being a more significant difference betweensubjects to be compared.

The term “sensitivity” used herein means a value of (the number of truepositives)/(the number of true positives+the number of false negatives).High sensitivity allows esophageal cancer to be detected early, leadingto the complete resection of cancer sites and reduction in the rate ofrecurrence.

The term “specificity” used herein means a value of (the number of truenegatives)/(the number of true negatives+the number of false positives).High specificity prevents needless extra examination for healthysubjects misjudged as being esophageal cancer patients, leading toreduction in burden on patients and reduction in medical expense.

The term “accuracy” used herein means a value of (the number of truepositives+the number of true negatives)/(the total number of cases). Theaccuracy indicates the ratio of samples that identified correctly in thediscriminant results to all samples and serves as a primary index forevaluating detection performance.

The “sample” used herein that is subjected to determination, detection,or diagnosis refers to a tissue and a biological material in which theexpression of the gene of the present invention varies as esophagealcancer develops, as esophageal cancer progresses, or as therapeuticeffects on esophageal cancer are exerted. Specifically, the “sample”refers to an esophageal tissue, a periesophageal vascular channel, lymphnode, and organ, an organ suspected of having metastasis, the skin, abody fluid such as blood, urine, saliva, sweat, or tissue exudates,serum or plasma prepared from blood, feces, hair, and the like. The“sample” further refers to a biological sample extracted therefrom,specifically, a gene such as RNA or miRNA.

The term “hsa-miR-204-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-204-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-204-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022693) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-204-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lim L P etal., 2003, Science, Vol. 299, p. 1540. Also, “hsa-mir-204” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0000284, SEQ ID NO: 215) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-204-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1247-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1247-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1247-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022721)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1247-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in MorinR D et al., 2008, Genome Res, Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1247”(miRBase Accession No. MI0006382, SEQ ID NO: 216) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1247-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6875-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6875-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6875-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027650)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6875-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6875” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022722, SEQ ID NO: 217) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6875-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6857-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6857-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6857-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027614)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6857-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6857” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022703, SEQ ID NO: 218) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6857-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-6726-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6726-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6726-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027353)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6726-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6726” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022571, SEQ ID NO: 219) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6726-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3188 gene” or “hsa-miR-3188” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3188 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015070) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3188gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3188” (miRBase Accession No.MI0014232, SEQ ID NO: 220) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3188”.

The term “hsa-miR-8069 gene” or “hsa-miR-8069” used herein includes thehsa-miR-8069 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030996) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8069gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013,Shock, Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8069” (miRBase Accession No.MI0025905, SEQ ID NO: 221) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-8069”.

The term “hsa-miR-4257 gene” or “hsa-miR-4257” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4257 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016878) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4257gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009,PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4257” (miRBase Accession No.MI0015856, SEQ ID NO: 222) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4257”.

The term “hsa-miR-1343-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1343-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1343-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019776)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1343-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-1343” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017320, SEQ ID NO: 223) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1343-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7108-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7108-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7108-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028113)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7108-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-7108” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022959, SEQ ID NO: 224) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7108-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6825-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6825-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6825-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027550)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6825-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6825” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022670, SEQ ID NO: 225) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6825-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7641 gene” or “hsa-miR-7641” used herein includes thehsa-miR-7641 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0029782) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7641gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2013, ArchPharm Res, Vol. 36, p. 353-358. Also, “hsa-mir-7641-1 andhsa-mir-7641-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0024975 and MI0024976, SEQ IDNOs: 226 and 227) having a hairpin-like structure are known asprecursors of “hsa-miR-7641”.

The term “hsa-miR-3185 gene” or “hsa-miR-3185” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3185 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015065) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3185gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3185” (miRBase Accession No.MI0014227, SEQ ID NO: 228) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3185”.

The term “hsa-miR-4746-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4746-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4746-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019881)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4746-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4746” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017385, SEQ ID NO: 229) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4746-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6791-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6791-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6791-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027482)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6791-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6791” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022636, SEQ ID NO: 230) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6791-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6893-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6893-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6893-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027686)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6893-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6893” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022740, SEQ ID NO: 231) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6893-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4433b-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030414)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ple Het al., 2012, PLoS One, Vol. 7, e50746. Also, “hsa-mir-4433b” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0025511, SEQ ID NO: 232) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4433b-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3135b gene” or “hsa-miR-3135b” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-3135b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018985) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-3135b gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D etal., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-3135b” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016809, SEQ ID NO: 233) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3135b”.

The term “hsa-miR-6781-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6781-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6781-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027462)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6781-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6781” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022626, SEQ ID NO: 234) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6781-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-1908-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1908-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1908-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007881)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 20, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1908-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Met al., 2008, Stem Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1908”(miRBase Accession No. MI0008329, SEQ ID NO: 235) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1908-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4792 gene” or “hsa-miR-4792” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4792 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019964) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 21, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4792gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4792” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017439, SEQ ID NO: 236) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4792”.

The term “hsa-miR-7845-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7845-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7845-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030420)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 22, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7845-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ple Het al., 2012, PLoS One, Vol. 7, e50746. Also, “hsa-mir-7845” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0025515, SEQ ID NO: 237) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7845-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4417 gene” or “hsa-miR-4417” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4417 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018929) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4417gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4417” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016753, SEQ ID NO: 238) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4417”.

The term “hsa-miR-3184-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3184-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3184-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015064)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 24, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3184-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in StarkM S et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3184” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0014226, SEQ ID NO: 239) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3184-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1225-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1225-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1225-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005572)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 25, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1225-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1225” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006311, SEQ ID NO: 240) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1225-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1231 gene” or “hsa-miR-1231” used herein includes thehsa-miR-1231 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005586) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1231gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2007,Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also, “hsa-mir-1231” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0006321, SEQ ID NO: 241) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-1231”.

The term “hsa-miR-1225-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1225-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1225-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005573)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 27, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1225-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1225” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006311, SEQ ID NO: 240) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1225-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-150-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-150-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-150-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004610) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 28, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-150-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-150” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000479, SEQ ID NO: 242) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-150-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4433-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4433-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4433-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018949)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 29, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4433-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima DD et al., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4433”(miRBase Accession No. MI0016773, SEQ ID NO: 243) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4433-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6125 gene” or “hsa-miR-6125” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6125 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0024598) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 30, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6125gene can be obtained by a method described in Smith J L et al., 2012, JVirol, Vol. 86, p. 5278-5287. Also, “hsa-mir-6125” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0021259, SEQ ID NO: 244) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-6125”.

The term “hsa-miR-4513 gene” or “hsa-miR-4513” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4513 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019050) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 31, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4513gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4513” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016879, SEQ ID NO: 245) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4513”.

The term “hsa-miR-6787-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6787-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6787-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027474)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 32, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6787-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6787” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022632, SEQ ID NO: 246) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6787-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6784-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6784-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6784-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027468)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 33, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6784-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6784” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022629, SEQ ID NO: 247) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6784-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-615-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-615-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-615-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004804) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 34, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-615-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J Met al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also,“hsa-mir-615” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003628, SEQ ID NO: 248) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-615-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6765-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6765-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6765-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027431)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 35, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6765-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6765” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022610, SEQ ID NO: 249) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6765-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-5572 gene” or “hsa-miR-5572” used herein includes thehsa-miR-5572 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022260) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 36, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5572gene can be obtained by a method described in Tandon M et al., 2012,Oral Dis, Vol. 18, p. 127-131. Also, “hsa-mir-5572” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0019117, SEQ ID NO: 250) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-5572”.

The term “hsa-miR-6842-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6842-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6842-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027586)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6842-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6842” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022688, SEQ ID NO: 251) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6842-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-8063 gene” or “hsa-miR-8063” used herein includes thehsa-miR-8063 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030990) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 38, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8063gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013,Shock, Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8063” (miRBase Accession No.MI0025899, SEQ ID NO: 252) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-8063”.

The term “hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6780b-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027572)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 39, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6780b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022681, SEQ ID NO: 253) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6780b-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-187-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-187-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-187-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004561) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 40, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-187-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lim L P etal., 2003, Science, Vol. 299, p. 1540. Also, “hsa-mir-187” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0000274, SEQ ID NO: 254) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-187-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-128-1-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0026477)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 41, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-128-1” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000447, SEQ ID NO: 255) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-128-1-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6729-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6729-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6729-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027359)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 42, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6729-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6729” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022574, SEQ ID NO: 256) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6729-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6741-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6741-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6741-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027383)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 43, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6741-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6741” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022586, SEQ ID NO: 257) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6741-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6757-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6757-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6757-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027414)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 44, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6757-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6757” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022602, SEQ ID NO: 258) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6757-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7110-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7110-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7110-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028117)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 45, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7110-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-7110” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022961, SEQ ID NO: 259) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7110-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7975 gene” or “hsa-miR-7975” used herein includes thehsa-miR-7975 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031178) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 46, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7975gene can be obtained by a method described in Velthut-Meikas A et al.,2013, Mol Endocrinol, online. Also, “hsa-mir-7975” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0025751, SEQ ID NO: 260) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-7975”.

The term “hsa-miR-1233-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1233-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1233-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022943)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 47, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1233-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1233-1 and hsa-mir-1233-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0006323and MI0015973, SEQ ID NOs: 261 and 262) having a hairpin-like structureare known as precursors of “hsa-miR-1233-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6845-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6845-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6845-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027590)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 48, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6845-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6845” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022691, SEQ ID NO: 263) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6845-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-3937 gene” or “hsa-miR-3937” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3937 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018352) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 49, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3937gene can be obtained by a method described in Liao J Y et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e10563. Also, “hsa-mir-3937” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016593, SEQ ID NO: 264) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3937”.

The term “hsa-miR-4467 gene” or “hsa-miR-4467” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4467 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018994) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 50, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4467gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4467” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016818, SEQ ID NO: 265) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4467”.

The term “hsa-miR-7109-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7109-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7109-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028115)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 51, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7109-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-7109” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022960, SEQ ID NO: 266) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7109-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6088 gene” or “hsa-miR-6088” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6088 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023713) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 52, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6088gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2012, StemCells Dev, Vol. 21, p. 2049-2057. Also, “hsa-mir-6088” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0020365, SEQ ID NO: 267) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6088”.

The term “hsa-miR-6782-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6782-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6782-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027464)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 53, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6782-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6782” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022627, SEQ ID NO: 268) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6782-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-5195-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-5195-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-5195-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0021127)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 54, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-5195-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inSchotte D et al., 2011, Leukemia, Vol. 25, p. 1389-1399. Also,“hsa-mir-5195” (miRBase Accession No. MI0018174, SEQ ID NO: 269) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5195-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4454 gene” or “hsa-miR-4454” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4454 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018976) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 55, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4454gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4454” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016800, SEQ ID NO: 270) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4454”.

The term “hsa-miR-6724-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6724-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6724-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025856)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 56, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6724-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Yet al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6724” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0022559, SEQ ID NO: 271) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6724-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8072 gene” or “hsa-miR-8072” used herein includes thehsa-miR-8072 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030999) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 57, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8072gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013,Shock, Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8072” (miRBase Accession No.MI0025908, SEQ ID NO: 272) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-8072”.

The term “hsa-miR-4516 gene” or “hsa-miR-4516” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4516 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019053) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 58, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4516gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4516” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016882, SEQ ID NO: 273) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4516”.

The term “hsa-miR-6756-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6756-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6756-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027412)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 59, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6756-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6756” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022601, SEQ ID NO: 274) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6756-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-4665-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4665-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4665-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019740)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 60, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4665-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4665” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017295, SEQ ID NO: 275) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4665-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6826-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6826-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6826-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027552)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 61, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6826-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6826” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022671, SEQ ID NO: 276) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6826-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6820-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6820-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6820-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027540)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 62, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6820-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6820” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022665, SEQ ID NO: 277) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6820-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6887-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6887-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6887-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027674)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 63, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6887-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6887” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022734, SEQ ID NO: 278) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6887-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3679-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3679-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3679-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018104)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 64, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3679-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inCreighton C J et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9637. Also,“hsa-mir-3679” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016080, SEQ ID NO: 279) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3679-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7847-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-7847-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7847-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030422)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 65, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7847-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ple Het al., 2012, PLoS One, Vol. 7, e50746. Also, “hsa-mir-7847” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0025517, SEQ ID NO: 280) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7847-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6721-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6721-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6721-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025852)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 66, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6721-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Yet al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6721” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0022556, SEQ ID NO: 281) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6721-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3622a-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018003)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 67, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inWitten D et al., 2010, BMC Biol, Vol. 8, p. 58. Also, “hsa-mir-3622a”(miRBase Accession No. MI0016013, SEQ ID NO: 282) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3622a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-939-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-939-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-939-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004982) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 68, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-939-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lui W O etal., 2007, Cancer Res, Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043. Also, “hsa-mir-939”(miRBase Accession No. MI0005761, SEQ ID NO: 283) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-939-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-602 gene” or “hsa-miR-602” used herein includes thehsa-miR-602 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003270) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 69, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-602gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-602”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003615, SEQ ID NO: 284) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-602”.

The term “hsa-miR-7977 gene” or “hsa-miR-7977” used herein includes thehsa-miR-7977 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031180) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 70, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7977gene can be obtained by a method described in Velthut-Meikas A et al.,2013, Mol Endocrinol, online. Also, “hsa-mir-7977” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0025753, SEQ ID NO: 285) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-7977”.

The term “hsa-miR-6749-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6749-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6749-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027398)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 71, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6749-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6749” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022594, SEQ ID NO: 286) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6749-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1914-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1914-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1914-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007890)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 72, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1914-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Met al., 2008, Stem Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1914”(miRBase Accession No. MI0008335, SEQ ID NO: 287) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1914-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4651 gene” or “hsa-miR-4651” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4651 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019715) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4651gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4651” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017279, SEQ ID NO: 288) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4651”.

The term “hsa-miR-4695-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4695-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4695-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019788)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4695-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4695” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017328, SEQ ID NO: 289) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4695-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6848-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6848-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6848-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027596)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6848-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6848” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022694, SEQ ID NO: 290) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6848-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1228-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1228-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1228-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005583)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 76, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1228-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1228” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006318, SEQ ID NO: 291) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1228-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-642b-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-642b-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-642b-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018444)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-642b-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in WittenD et al., 2010, BMC Biol, Vol. 8, p. 58. Also, “hsa-mir-642b” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016685, SEQ ID NO: 292) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-642b-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6746-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6746-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6746-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027392)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 78, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6746-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6746” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022591, SEQ ID NO: 293) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6746-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3620-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3620-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3620-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022967)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 79, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3620-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in WittenD et al., 2010, BMC Biol, Vol. 8, p. 58. Also, “hsa-mir-3620” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016011, SEQ ID NO: 294) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3620-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3131 gene” or “hsa-miR-3131” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3131 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0014996) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 80, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3131gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3131” (miRBase Accession No.MI0014151, SEQ ID NO: 295) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3131”.

The term “hsa-miR-6732-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6732-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6732-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027365)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 81, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6732-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6732” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022577, SEQ ID NO: 296) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6732-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7113-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-7113-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7113-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028124)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 82, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7113-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-7113” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022964, SEQ ID NO: 297) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7113-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-23a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-23a-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-23a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000078) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 83, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-23a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2001, Science, Vol. 294, p. 853-858. Also,“hsa-mir-23a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000079, SEQ ID NO: 298) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-23a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3154 gene” or “hsa-miR-3154” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3154 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015028) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 84, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3154gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2006,Genome Res, Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-3154” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0014182, SEQ ID NO: 299) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3154”.

The term “hsa-miR-4723-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4723-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4723-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019838)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 85, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4723-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4723” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017359, SEQ ID NO: 300) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4723-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3663-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-3663-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3663-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018085)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 86, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3663-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Liao JY et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e10563. Also, “hsa-mir-3663” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016064, SEQ ID NO: 301) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3663-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4734 gene” or “hsa-miR-4734” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4734 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019859) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 87, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4734gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4734” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017371, SEQ ID NO: 302) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4734”.

The term “hsa-miR-6816-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6816-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6816-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027532)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 88, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6816-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6816” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022661, SEQ ID NO: 303) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6816-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-4442 gene” or “hsa-miR-4442” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4442 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018960) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 89, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4442gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4442” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016785, SEQ ID NO: 304) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4442”.

The term “hsa-miR-4476 gene” or “hsa-miR-4476” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4476 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019003) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 90, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4476gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4476” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016828, SEQ ID NO: 305) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4476”.

The term “hsa-miR-423-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-423-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-423-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004748) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 91, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-423-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Kasashima Ket al., 2004, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, Vol. 322, p. 403-410. Also,“hsa-mir-423” (miRBase Accession No. MI0001445, SEQ ID NO: 306) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-423-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1249 gene” or “hsa-miR-1249” used herein includes thehsa-miR-1249 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005901) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 92, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1249gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D et al., 2008,Genome Res, Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1249” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0006384, SEQ ID NO: 307) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-1249”.

The term “hsa-miR-6515-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6515-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6515-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025487)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 93, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6515-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in JoyceC E et al., 2011, Hum Mol Genet, Vol. 20, p. 4025-4040. Also,“hsa-mir-6515” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022227, SEQ ID NO: 308) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6515-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-887-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-887-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-887-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004951) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 94, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-887-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov Eet al., 2006, Genome Res, Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-887”(miRBase Accession No. MI0005562, SEQ ID NO: 309) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-887-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4741 gene” or “hsa-miR-4741” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4741 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019871) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 95, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4741gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4741” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017379, SEQ ID NO: 310) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4741”.

The term “hsa-miR-6766-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6766-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6766-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027433)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 96, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6766-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6766” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022611, SEQ ID NO: 311) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6766-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4673 gene” or “hsa-miR-4673” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4673 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019755) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 97, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4673gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4673” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017304, SEQ ID NO: 312) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4673”.

The term “hsa-miR-6779-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6779-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6779-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027458)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 98, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6779-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6779” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022624, SEQ ID NO: 313) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6779-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4706 gene” or “hsa-miR-4706” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4706 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019806) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 99, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4706gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4706” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017339, SEQ ID NO: 314) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4706”.

The term “hsa-miR-1268b gene” or “hsa-miR-1268b” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-1268b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018925) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 100, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-1268b gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D etal., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-1268b” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016748, SEQ ID NO: 315) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1268b”.

The term “hsa-miR-4632-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4632-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4632-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022977)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 101, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4632-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4632” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017259, SEQ ID NO: 316) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4632-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3197 gene” or “hsa-miR-3197” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3197 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015082) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 102, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3197gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3197” (miRBase Accession No.MI0014245, SEQ ID NO: 317) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3197”.

The term “hsa-miR-6798-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6798-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6798-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027496)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 103, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6798-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6798” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022643, SEQ ID NO: 318) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6798-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-711 gene” or “hsa-miR-711” used herein includes thehsa-miR-711 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0012734) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 104, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-711gene can be obtained by a method described in Artzi S et al., 2008, BMCBioinformatics, Vol. 9, p. 39. Also, “hsa-mir-711” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0012488, SEQ ID NO: 319) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-711”.

The term “hsa-miR-6840-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6840-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6840-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027583)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 105, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6840-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6840” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022686, SEQ ID NO: 320) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6840-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6763-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6763-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6763-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027426)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 106, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6763-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6763” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022608, SEQ ID NO: 321) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6763-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-6727-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6727-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6727-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027355)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 107, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6727-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6727” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022572, SEQ ID NO: 322) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6727-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-371a-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-371a-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-371a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004687)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 108, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-371a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Suh MR et al., 2004, Dev Biol, Vol. 270, p. 488-498. Also, “hsa-mir-371a”(miRBase Accession No. MI0000779, SEQ ID NO: 323) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-371a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6824-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6824-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6824-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027548)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 109, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6824-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6824” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022669, SEQ ID NO: 324) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6824-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4648 gene” or “hsa-miR-4648” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4648 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019710) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 110, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4648gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4648” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017275, SEQ ID NO: 325) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4648”.

The term “hsa-miR-1227-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1227-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1227-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022941)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 111, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1227-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1227” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006316, SEQ ID NO: 326) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1227-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-564 gene” or “hsa-miR-564” used herein includes thehsa-miR-564 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003228) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 112, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-564gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-564”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003570, SEQ ID NO: 327) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-564”.

The term “hsa-miR-3679-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-3679-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3679-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018105)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 113, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3679-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inCreighton C J et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9637. Also,“hsa-mir-3679” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016080, SEQ ID NO: 279) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3679-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-2861 gene” or “hsa-miR-2861” used herein includes thehsa-miR-2861 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0013802) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 114, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-2861gene can be obtained by a method described in Li H et al., 2009, J ClinInvest, Vol. 119, p. 3666-3677. Also, “hsa-mir-2861” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0013006, SEQ ID NO: 328) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-2861”.

The term “hsa-miR-6737-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6737-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6737-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027375)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 115, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6737-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6737” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022582, SEQ ID NO: 329) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6737-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-575 gene” or “hsa-miR-575” used herein includes thehsa-miR-575 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003240) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 116, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-575gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-575”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003582, SEQ ID NO: 330) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-575”.

The term “hsa-miR-4725-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4725-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4725-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019844)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 117, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4725-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4725” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017362, SEQ ID NO: 331) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4725-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6716-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6716-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6716-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025844)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 118, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6716-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Yet al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6716” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0022550, SEQ ID NO: 332) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6716-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4675 gene” or “hsa-miR-4675” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4675 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019757) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 119, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4675gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4675” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017306, SEQ ID NO: 333) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4675”.

The term “hsa-miR-1915-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1915-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1915-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007892)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 120, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1915-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Met al., 2008, Stem Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1915”(miRBase Accession No. MI0008336, SEQ ID NO: 334) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1915-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-671-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-671-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-671-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003880) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 121, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-671-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov Eet al., 2006, Genome Res, Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-671”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003760, SEQ ID NO: 335) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-671-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3656 gene” or “hsa-miR-3656” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3656 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018076) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 122, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3656gene can be obtained by a method described in Meiri E et al., 2010,Nucleic Acids Res, Vol. 38, p. 6234-6246. Also, “hsa-mir-3656” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016056, SEQ ID NO: 336) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3656”.

The term “hsa-miR-6722-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6722-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6722-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025854)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 123, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6722-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Yet al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6722” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0022557, SEQ ID NO: 337) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6722-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4707-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4707-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4707-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019807)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 124, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4707-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4707” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017340, SEQ ID NO: 338) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4707-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-4449 gene” or “hsa-miR-4449” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4449 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018968) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 125, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4449gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4449” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016792, SEQ ID NO: 339) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4449”.

The term “hsa-miR-1202 gene” or “hsa-miR-1202” used herein includes thehsa-miR-1202 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005865) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 126, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1202gene can be obtained by a method described in Marton S et al., 2008,Leukemia, Vol. 22, p. 330-338. Also, “hsa-mir-1202” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0006334, SEQ ID NO: 340) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-1202”.

The term “hsa-miR-4649-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4649-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4649-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019711)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 127, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4649-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4649” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017276, SEQ ID NO: 341) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4649-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-744-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-744-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-744-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004945) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 128, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-744-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov Eet al., 2006, Genome Res, Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-744”(miRBase Accession No. MI0005559, SEQ ID NO: 342) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-744-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-642a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-642a-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-642a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0020924)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 129, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-642a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inCummins J M et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p.3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-642a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003657, SEQ IDNO: 343) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of“hsa-miR-642a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-451a gene” or “hsa-miR-451a” used herein includes thehsa-miR-451a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0001631) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 130, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-451agene can be obtained by a method described in Altuvia Y et al., 2005,Nucleic Acids Res, Vol. 33, p. 2697-2706. Also, “hsa-mir-451a” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0001729, SEQ ID NO: 344) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-451a”.

The term “hsa-miR-6870-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6870-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6870-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027640)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 131, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6870-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6870” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022717, SEQ ID NO: 345) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6870-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4443 gene” or “hsa-miR-4443” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4443 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018961) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 132, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4443gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4443” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016786, SEQ ID NO: 346) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4443”.

The term “hsa-miR-6808-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6808-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6808-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027516)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 133, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6808-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6808” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022653, SEQ ID NO: 347) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6808-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4728-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4728-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4728-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019849)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 134, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4728-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4728” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017365, SEQ ID NO: 348) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4728-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-937-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-937-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-937-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022938) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 135, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-937-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lui W O etal., 2007, Cancer Res, Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043. Also, “hsa-mir-937”(miRBase Accession No. MI0005759, SEQ ID NO: 349) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-937-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-135a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-135a-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-135a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004595)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 136, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-135a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-135a-1” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000452, SEQ ID NO: 350)having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of“hsa-miR-135a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-663b gene” or “hsa-miR-663b” used herein includes thehsa-miR-663b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005867) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 137, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-663bgene can be obtained by a method described in Takada S et al., 2008,Leukemia, Vol. 22, p. 1274-1278. Also, “hsa-mir-663b” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0006336, SEQ ID NO: 351) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-663b”.

The term “hsa-miR-1343-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1343-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1343-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027038)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 138, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1343-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-1343” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017320, SEQ ID NO: 223) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1343-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6822-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6822-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6822-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027544)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 139, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6822-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6822” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022667, SEQ ID NO: 352) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6822-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6803-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6803-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6803-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027506)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 140, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6803-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6803” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022648, SEQ ID NO: 353) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6803-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6805-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6805-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6805-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027511)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 141, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6805-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6805” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022650, SEQ ID NO: 354) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6805-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-128-2-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-128-2-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-128-2-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031095)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 142, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-128-2-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-128-2” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000727, SEQ ID NO: 355) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-128-2-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4640-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4640-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4640-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019699)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 143, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4640-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4640” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017267, SEQ ID NO: 356) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4640-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1469 gene” or “hsa-miR-1469” used herein includes thehsa-miR-1469 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007347) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 144, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1469gene can be obtained by a method described in Kawaji H et al., 2008, BMCGenomics, Vol. 9, p. 157. Also, “hsa-mir-1469” (miRBase Accession No.MI0007074, SEQ ID NO: 357) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-1469”.

The term “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004508)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 145, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inMourelatos Z et al., 2002, Genes Dev, Vol. 16, p. 720-728. Also,“hsa-mir-92a-2” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000094, SEQ ID NO: 358) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3940-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3940-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3940-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019229)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 146, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3940-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Liao JY et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e10563. Also, “hsa-mir-3940” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016597, SEQ ID NO: 359) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3940-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4281 gene” or “hsa-miR-4281” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4281 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016907) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 147, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4281gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009,PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4281” (miRBase Accession No.MI0015885, SEQ ID NO: 360) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4281”.

The term “hsa-miR-1260b gene” or “hsa-miR-1260b” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-1260b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015041) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 148, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-1260b gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S etal., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-1260b” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0014197, SEQ ID NO: 361) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1260b”.

The term “hsa-miR-4758-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4758-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4758-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019903)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 149, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4758-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4758” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017399, SEQ ID NO: 362) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4758-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1915-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1915-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1915-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007891)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 150, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1915-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Met al., 2008, Stem Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1915”(miRBase Accession No. MI0008336, SEQ ID NO: 334) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1915-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-5001-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-5001-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-5001-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0021021)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 151, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-5001-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in HansenT B et al., 2011, RNA Biol, Vol. 8, p. 378-383. Also, “hsa-mir-5001”(miRBase Accession No. MI0017867, SEQ ID NO: 363) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5001-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4286 gene” or “hsa-miR-4286” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4286 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016916) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 152, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4286gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009,PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4286” (miRBase Accession No.MI0015894, SEQ ID NO: 364) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4286”.

The term “hsa-miR-6126 gene” or “hsa-miR-6126” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6126 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0024599) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 153, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6126gene can be obtained by a method described in Smith J L et al., 2012, JVirol, Vol. 86, p. 5278-5287. Also, “hsa-mir-6126” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0021260, SEQ ID NO: 365) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-6126”.

The term “hsa-miR-6789-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6789-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6789-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027478)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 154, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6789-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6789” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022634, SEQ ID NO: 366) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6789-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4459 gene” or “hsa-miR-4459” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4459 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018981) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 155, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4459gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4459” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016805, SEQ ID NO: 367) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4459”.

The term “hsa-miR-1268a gene” or “hsa-miR-1268a” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-1268a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005922) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 156, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-1268a gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D etal., 2008, Genome Res, Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1268a”(miRBase Accession No. MI0006405, SEQ ID NO: 368) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1268a”.

The term “hsa-miR-6752-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6752-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6752-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027404)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 157, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6752-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6752” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022597, SEQ ID NO: 369) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6752-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-6131 gene” or “hsa-miR-6131” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6131 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0024615) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 158, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6131gene can be obtained by a method described in Dannemann M et al., 2012,Genome Biol Evol, Vol. 4, p. 552-564. Also, “hsa-mir-6131” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0021276, SEQ ID NO: 370) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6131”.

The term “hsa-miR-6800-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6800-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6800-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027500)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 159, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6800-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6800” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022645, SEQ ID NO: 371) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6800-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4532 gene” or “hsa-miR-4532” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4532 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019071) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 160, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4532gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4532” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016899, SEQ ID NO: 372) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4532”.

The term “hsa-miR-6872-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6872-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6872-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027645)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 161, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6872-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6872” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022719, SEQ ID NO: 373) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6872-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-718 gene” or “hsa-miR-718” used herein includes thehsa-miR-718 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0012735) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 162, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-718gene can be obtained by a method described in Artzi S et al., 2008, BMCBioinformatics, Vol. 9, p. 39. Also, “hsa-mir-718” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0012489, SEQ ID NO: 374) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-718”.

The term “hsa-miR-6769a-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6769a-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6769a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027438)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 163, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6769a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6769a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022614, SEQ ID NO: 375) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6769a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4707-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4707-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4707-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019808)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 164, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4707-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4707” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017340, SEQ ID NO: 338) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4707-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6765-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6765-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6765-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027430)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 165, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6765-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6765” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022610, SEQ ID NO: 249) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6765-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4739 gene” or “hsa-miR-4739” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4739 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019868) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 166, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4739gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4739” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017377, SEQ ID NO: 376) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4739”.

The term “hsa-miR-4525 gene” or “hsa-miR-4525” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4525 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019064) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 167, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4525gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4525” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016892, SEQ ID NO: 377) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4525”.

The term “hsa-miR-4270 gene” or “hsa-miR-4270” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4270 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016900) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 168, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4270gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009,PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4270” (miRBase Accession No.MI0015878, SEQ ID NO: 378) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4270”.

The term “hsa-miR-4534 gene” or “hsa-miR-4534” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4534 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019073) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 169, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4534gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4534” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016901, SEQ ID NO: 379) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4534”.

The term “hsa-miR-6785-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6785-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6785-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027470)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 170, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6785-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6785” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022630, SEQ ID NO: 380) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6785-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6850-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6850-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6850-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027600)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 171, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6850-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6850” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022696, SEQ ID NO: 381) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6850-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4697-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4697-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4697-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019791)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 172, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4697-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4697” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017330, SEQ ID NO: 382) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4697-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1260a gene” or “hsa-miR-1260a” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-1260a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005911) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 173, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-1260a gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D etal., 2008, Genome Res, Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1260a”(miRBase Accession No. MI0006394, SEQ ID NO: 383) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1260a”.

The term “hsa-miR-4486 gene” or “hsa-miR-4486” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4486 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019020) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 174, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4486gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4486” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016847, SEQ ID NO: 384) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4486”.

The term “hsa-miR-6880-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6880-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6880-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027660)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 175, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6880-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6880” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022727, SEQ ID NO: 385) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6880-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6802-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6802-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6802-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027504)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 176, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6802-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6802” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022647, SEQ ID NO: 386) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6802-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6861-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6861-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6861-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027623)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 177, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6861-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6861” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022708, SEQ ID NO: 387) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6861-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-92b-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-92b-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-92b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004792) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 178, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-92b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J Met al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also,“hsa-mir-92b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003560, SEQ ID NO: 388) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-92b-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1238-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1238-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1238-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022947)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 179, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1238-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inBerezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell, Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also,“hsa-mir-1238” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006328, SEQ ID NO: 389) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1238-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-6851-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6851-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6851-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027602)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 180, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6851-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6851” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022697, SEQ ID NO: 390) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6851-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7704 gene” or “hsa-miR-7704” used herein includes thehsa-miR-7704 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030019) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 181, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7704gene can be obtained by a method described in Swaminathan S et al.,2013, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, Vol. 434, p. 228-234. Also,“hsa-mir-7704” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025240, SEQ ID NO: 391) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7704”.

The term “hsa-miR-149-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-149-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-149-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004609) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 182, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-149-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-149” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000478, SEQ ID NO: 392) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-149-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4689 gene” or “hsa-miR-4689” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4689 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019778) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 183, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4689gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4689” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017322, SEQ ID NO: 393) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4689”.

The term “hsa-miR-4688 gene” or “hsa-miR-4688” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4688 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019777) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 184, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4688gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4688” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017321, SEQ ID NO: 394) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4688”.

The term “hsa-miR-125a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-125a-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-125a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004602)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 185, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-125a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-125a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000469, SEQ ID NO: 395) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-125a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-23b-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-23b-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-23b-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000418) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 186, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-23b-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also,“hsa-mir-23b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000439, SEQ ID NO: 396) having ahairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-23b-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-614 gene” or “hsa-miR-614” used herein includes thehsa-miR-614 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003282) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 187, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-614gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-614”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003627, SEQ ID NO: 397) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-614”.

The term “hsa-miR-1913 gene” or “hsa-miR-1913” used herein includes thehsa-miR-1913 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007888) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 188, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1913gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Metal., 2008, StemCells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1913” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0008334, SEQ ID NO: 398) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-1913”.

The term “hsa-miR-16-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-16-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-16-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000069) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 189, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-16-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2001, Science, Vol. 294, p. 853-858. Also,“hsa-mir-16-1 and hsa-mir-16-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0000070 andMI0000115, SEQ ID NOs: 399 and 400) having a hairpin-like structure areknown as precursors of “hsa-miR-16-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-675-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-675-5p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-675-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004284) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 190, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-675-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cai X etal., 2007, RNA, Vol. 13, p. 313-316. Also, “hsa-mir-675” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0005416, SEQ ID NO: 401) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-675-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-486-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-486-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-486-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004762) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 191, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-486-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Fu H etal., 2005, FEBS Lett, Vol. 579, p. 3849-3854. Also, “hsa-mir-486 andhsa-mir-486-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0002470 and MI0023622, SEQ IDNOs: 402 and 403) having a hairpin-like structure are known asprecursors of “hsa-miR-486-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6777-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6777-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6777-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027454)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 192, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6777-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6777” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022622, SEQ ID NO: 404) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6777-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4497 gene” or “hsa-miR-4497” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4497 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019032) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 193, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4497gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4497” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016859, SEQ ID NO: 405) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4497”.

The term “hsa-miR-296-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-296-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-296-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004679) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 194, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-296-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Houbaviy HB et al., 2003, Dev Cell, Vol. 5, p. 351-358. Also, “hsa-mir-296”(miRBase Accession No. MI0000747, SEQ ID NO: 406) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-296-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6738-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6738-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6738-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027377)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 195, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6738-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6738” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022583, SEQ ID NO: 407) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6738-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4731-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4731-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4731-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019853)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 196, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4731-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4731” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017368, SEQ ID NO: 408) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4731-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6889-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6889-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6889-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027678)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 197, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6889-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6889” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022736, SEQ ID NO: 409) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6889-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-6786-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6786-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6786-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027472)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 198, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6786-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6786” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022631, SEQ ID NO: 410) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6786-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-92a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-92a-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-92a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000092) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 199, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-92a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in MourelatosZ et al., 2002, Genes Dev, Vol. 16, p. 720-728. Also, “hsa-mir-92a-1 andhsa-mir-92a-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0000093 and MI0000094, SEQ IDNOs: 411 and 358) having a hairpin-like structure are known asprecursors of “hsa-miR-92a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4294 gene” or “hsa-miR-4294” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4294 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016849) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 200, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4294gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009,PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4294” (miRBase Accession No.MI0015827, SEQ ID NO: 412) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4294”.

The term “hsa-miR-4763-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4763-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4763-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019913)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 201, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4763-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4763” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017404, SEQ ID NO: 413) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4763-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6076 gene” or “hsa-miR-6076” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6076 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023701) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 202, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6076gene can be obtained by a method described in Voellenkle C et al., 2012,RNA, Vol. 18, p. 472-484. Also, “hsa-mir-6076” (miRBase Accession No.MI0020353, SEQ ID NO: 414) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-6076”.

The term “hsa-miR-663a gene” or “hsa-miR-663a” used herein includes thehsa-miR-663a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003326) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 203, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-663agene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-663a”(miRBase Accession No. MI0003672, SEQ ID NO: 415) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-663a”.

The term “hsa-miR-760 gene” or “hsa-miR-760” used herein includes thehsa-miR-760 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004957) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 204, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-760gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2006,Genome Res, Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-760” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0005567, SEQ ID NO: 416) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-760”.

The term “hsa-miR-4667-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4667-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4667-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019743)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 205, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4667-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4667” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017297, SEQ ID NO: 417) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4667-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6090 gene” or “hsa-miR-6090” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6090 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023715) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 206, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6090gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2012, StemCells Dev, Vol. 21, p. 2049-2057. Also, “hsa-mir-6090” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0020367, SEQ ID NO: 418) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6090”.

The term “hsa-miR-4730 gene” or “hsa-miR-4730” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4730 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019852) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 207, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4730gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011,Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4730” (miRBase AccessionNo. MI0017367, SEQ ID NO: 419) having a hairpin-like structure is knownas a precursor of “hsa-miR-4730”.

The term “hsa-miR-7106-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7106-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-7106-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028109)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 208, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-7106-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-7106” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022957, SEQ ID NO: 420) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7106-5p.”

The term “hsa-miR-3196 gene” or “hsa-miR-3196” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3196 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015080) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 209, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3196gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010,PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3196” (miRBase Accession No.MI0014241, SEQ ID NO: 421) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-3196”.

The term “hsa-miR-5698 gene” or “hsa-miR-5698” used herein includes thehsa-miR-5698 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022491) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 210, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5698gene can be obtained by a method described in Watahiki A et al., 2011,PLoS One, Vol. 6, e24950. Also, “hsa-mir-5698” (miRBase Accession No.MI0019305, SEQ ID NO: 422) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-5698”.

The term “hsa-miR-6087 gene” or “hsa-miR-6087” used herein includes thehsa-miR-6087 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023712) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 211, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6087gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2012, StemCells Dev, Vol. 21, p. 2049-2057. Also, “hsa-mir-6087” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0020364, SEQ ID NO: 423) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6087”.

The term “hsa-miR-4665-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4665-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-4665-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019739)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 212, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-4665-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inPersson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also,“hsa-mir-4665” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017295, SEQ ID NO: 275) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4665-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8059 gene” or “hsa-miR-8059” used herein includes thehsa-miR-8059 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030986) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 213, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8059gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013,Shock, Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8059” (miRBase Accession No.MI0025895, SEQ ID NO: 424) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-8059”.

The term “hsa-miR-6879-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6879-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6879-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027658)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 214, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6879-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6879” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022726, SEQ ID NO: 425) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6879-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6717-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6717-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6717-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025846)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 666, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6717-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Yet al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6717” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0022551, SEQ ID NO: 677) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6717-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3648 gene” or “hsa-miR-3648” used herein includes thehsa-miR-3648 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018068) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 667, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3648gene can be obtained by a method described in Meiri E et al., 2010,Nucleic Acids Res, Vol. 38, p. 6234-6246. Also, “hsa-mir-3648” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0016048, SEQ ID NO: 678) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3648”.

The term “hsa-miR-3162-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3162-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-3162-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015036)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 668, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-3162-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in StarkM S et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3162” (miRBaseAccession No. MI0014192, SEQ ID NO: 679) having a hairpin-like structureis known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3162-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1909-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1909-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-1909-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007883)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 669, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-1909-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar Met al., 2008, Stem Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1909”(miRBase Accession No. MI0008330, SEQ ID NO: 680) having a hairpin-likestructure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1909-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8073 gene” or “hsa-miR-8073” used herein includes thehsa-miR-8073 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031000) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 670, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8073gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013,Shock, Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8073” (miRBase Accession No.MI0025909, SEQ ID NO: 681) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-8073”.

The term “hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6769b-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027620)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 671, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6769b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022706, SEQ ID NO: 682) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6769b-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6836-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6836-3p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6836-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027575)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 672, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6836-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6836” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022682, SEQ ID NO: 683) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6836-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4484 gene” or “hsa-miR-4484” used herein includes thehsa-miR-4484 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019018) consisting of thenucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 673, a homolog or anortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4484gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010,Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4484” (miRBase Accession No.MI0016845, SEQ ID NO: 684) having a hairpin-like structure is known as aprecursor of “hsa-miR-4484”.

The term “hsa-miR-6819-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6819-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6819-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027538)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 674, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6819-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6819” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022664, SEQ ID NO: 685) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6819-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6794-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6794-5p” used hereinincludes the hsa-miR-6794-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027488)consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 675, ahomolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like.The hsa-miR-6794-5p gene can be obtained by a method described inLadewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also,“hsa-mir-6794” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022639, SEQ ID NO: 686) havinga hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6794-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-24-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-24-3p” used herein includesthe hsa-miR-24-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000080) consistingof the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 676, a homolog oran ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. Thehsa-miR-24-3p gene can be obtained by a method described inLagos-Quintana M et al., 2001, Science, Vol. 294, p. 853-858. Also,“hsa-mir-24-1 and hsa-mir-24-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0000080 andMI0000081, SEQ ID NOs: 687 and 688) having a hairpin-like structure areknown as precursors of “hsa-miR-24-3p”.

A mature miRNA may become a variant due to the sequence cleaved shorteror longer by one to several flanking nucleotides or due to substitutionof nucleotides when cut out as the mature miRNA from its RNA precursorhaving a hairpin-like structure. This variant is called isomiR (Morin RD. et al., 2008, Genome Res., Vol. 18, p. 610-621). The miRBase Release20 shows the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214and 666 to 676 as well as a large number of the nucleotide sequencevariants and fragments represented by SEQ ID NOs: 426 to 665 and 689 to700, called isomiRs. These variants can also be obtained as miRNAs thathave a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214and 666 to 676.

Specifically, among the variants of polynucleotides consisting of anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 6, 9, 13,18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41, 46, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55,56, 58, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89,90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 108, 110, 112, 113,114, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132,134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152,153, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 167, 173, 174, 178, 182, 183,184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 199, 201, 203,204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 666, 667, 668, 669, 673, and 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t according to the present invention, examples of the longestvariants registered in miRBase Release 20 include polynucleotidesrepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442,444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470,472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498,500, 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, 524, 526,528, 530, 532, 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546, 548, 550, 552, 554,556, 558, 560, 562, 564, 566, 568, 570, 572, 574, 576, 578, 580, 582,584, 586, 588, 590, 592, 594, 596, 598, 600, 602, 604, 606, 608, 610,612, 614, 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, 630, 632, 634, 636, 638,640, 642, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 656, 658, 660, 662, 664, 689,691, 693, 695, 697, and 699, respectively. Also, among the variants ofpolynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 6, 9, 13, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 36,40, 41, 46, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 76,77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100,101, 102, 104, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124,125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145,146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164,166, 167, 173, 174, 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190,191, 193, 194, 196, 199, 201, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212,666, 667, 668, 669, 673, and 676 or a nucleotide sequence derived fromthe nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t according to thepresent invention, examples of shortest variants registered in themiRBase Release 20 include polynucleotides having sequences representedby SEQ ID NOs: 427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445, 447,449, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 465, 467, 469, 471, 473, 475,477, 479, 481, 483, 485, 487, 489, 491, 493, 495, 497, 499, 501, 503,505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 527, 529, 531,533, 535, 537, 539, 541, 543, 545, 547, 549, 551, 553, 555, 557, 559,561, 563, 565, 567, 569, 571, 573, 575, 577, 579, 581, 583, 585, 587,589, 591, 593, 595, 597, 599, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 611, 613, 615,617, 619, 621, 623, 625, 627, 629, 631, 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 643,645, 647, 649, 651, 653, 655, 657, 659, 661, 663, 665, 690, 692, 694,696, 698, and 700, respectively. In addition to these variants andfragments, examples thereof include a large number of isomiRpolynucleotides consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676 registered in the miRBase. Examples ofthe polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676 include a polynucleotiderepresented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 215 to 425 and 677 to 688, which aretheir respective precursors.

The names and miRBase Accession Nos. (registration numbers) of the genesconsisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700are shown in Table 1.

The term “capable of specifically binding” used herein means that thenucleic acid probe or the primer used in the present invention binds toa particular target nucleic acid and cannot substantially bind to othernucleic acids.

TABLE 1 SEQ miRBase ID NO: Gene name registration No. 1 hsa-miR-204-3pMIMAT0022693 2 hsa-miR-1247-3p MIMAT0022721 3 hsa-miR-6875-5pMIMAT0027650 4 hsa-miR-6857-5p MIMAT0027614 5 hsa-miR-6726-5pMIMAT0027353 6 hsa-miR-3188 MIMAT0015070 7 hsa-miR-8069 MIMAT0030996 8hsa-miR-4257 MIMAT0016878 9 hsa-miR-1343-3p MIMAT0019776 10hsa-miR-7108-5p MIMAT0028113 11 hsa-miR-6825-5p MIMAT0027550 12hsa-miR-7641 MIMAT0029782 13 hsa-miR-3185 MIMAT0015065 14hsa-miR-4746-3p MIMAT0019881 15 hsa-miR-6791-5p MIMAT0027482 16hsa-miR-6893-5p MIMAT0027686 17 hsa-miR-4433b-3p MIMAT0030414 18hsa-miR-3135b MIMAT0018985 19 hsa-miR-6781-5p MIMAT0027462 20hsa-miR-1908-5p MIMAT0007881 21 hsa-miR-4792 MIMAT0019964 22hsa-miR-7845-5p MIMAT0030420 23 hsa-miR-4417 MIMAT0018929 24hsa-miR-3184-5p MIMAT0015064 25 hsa-miR-1225-5p MIMAT0005572 26hsa-miR-1231 MIMAT0005586 27 hsa-miR-1225-3p MIMAT0005573 28hsa-miR-150-3p MIMAT0004610 29 hsa-miR-4433-3p MIMAT0018949 30hsa-miR-6125 MIMAT0024598 31 hsa-miR-4513 MIMAT0019050 32hsa-miR-6787-5p MIMAT0027474 33 hsa-miR-6784-5p MIMAT0027468 34hsa-miR-615-5p MIMAT0004804 35 hsa-miR-6765-3p MIMAT0027431 36hsa-miR-5572 MIMAT0022260 37 hsa-miR-6842-5p MIMAT0027586 38hsa-miR-8063 MIMAT0030990 39 hsa-miR-6780b-5p MIMAT0027572 40hsa-miR-187-5p MIMAT0004561 41 hsa-miR-128-1-5p MIMAT0026477 42hsa-miR-6729-5p MIMAT0027359 43 hsa-miR-6741-5p MIMAT0027383 44hsa-miR-6757-5p MIMAT0027414 45 hsa-miR-7110-5p MIMAT0028117 46hsa-miR-7975 MIMAT0031178 47 hsa-miR-1233-5p MIMAT0022943 48hsa-miR-6845-5p MIMAT0027590 49 hsa-miR-3937 MIMAT0018352 50hsa-miR-4467 MIMAT0018994 51 hsa-miR-7109-5p MIMAT0028115 52hsa-miR-6088 MIMAT0023713 53 hsa-miR-6782-5p MIMAT0027464 54hsa-miR-5195-3p MIMAT0021127 55 hsa-miR-4454 MIMAT0018976 56hsa-miR-6724-5p MIMAT0025856 57 hsa-miR-8072 MIMAT0030999 58hsa-miR-4516 MIMAT0019053 59 hsa-miR-6756-5p MIMAT0027412 60hsa-miR-4665-3p MIMAT0019740 61 hsa-miR-6826-5p MIMAT0027552 62hsa-miR-6820-5p MIMAT0027540 63 hsa-miR-6887-5p MIMAT0027674 64hsa-miR-3679-5p MIMAT0018104 65 hsa-miR-7847-3p MIMAT0030422 66hsa-miR-6721-5p MIMAT0025852 67 hsa-miR-3622a-5p MIMAT0018003 68hsa-miR-939-5p MIMAT0004982 69 hsa-miR-602 MIMAT0003270 70 hsa-miR-7977MIMAT0031180 71 hsa-miR-6749-5p MIMAT0027398 72 hsa-miR-1914-3pMIMAT0007890 73 hsa-miR-4651 MIMAT0019715 74 hsa-miR-4695-5pMIMAT0019788 75 hsa-miR-6848-5p MIMAT0027596 76 hsa-miR-1228-3pMIMAT0005583 77 hsa-miR-642b-3p MIMAT0018444 78 hsa-miR-6746-5pMIMAT0027392 79 hsa-miR-3620-5p MIMAT0022967 80 hsa-miR-3131MIMAT0014996 81 hsa-miR-6732-5p MIMAT0027365 82 hsa-miR-7113-3pMIMAT0028124 83 hsa-miR-23a-3p MIMAT0000078 84 hsa-miR-3154 MIMAT001502885 hsa-miR-4723-5p MIMAT0019838 86 hsa-miR-3663-3p MIMAT0018085 87hsa-miR-4734 MIMAT0019859 88 hsa-miR-6816-5p MIMAT0027532 89hsa-miR-4442 MIMAT0018960 90 hsa-miR-4476 MIMAT0019003 91 hsa-miR-423-5pMIMAT0004748 92 hsa-miR-1249 MIMAT0005901 93 hsa-miR-6515-3pMIMAT0025487 94 hsa-miR-887-3p MIMAT0004951 95 hsa-miR-4741 MIMAT001987196 hsa-miR-6766-3p MIMAT0027433 97 hsa-miR-4673 MIMAT0019755 98hsa-miR-6779-5p MIMAT0027458 99 hsa-miR-4706 MIMAT0019806 100hsa-miR-1268b MIMAT0018925 101 hsa-miR-4632-5p MIMAT0022977 102hsa-miR-3197 MIMAT0015082 103 hsa-miR-6798-5p MIMAT0027496 104hsa-miR-711 MIMAT0012734 105 hsa-miR-6840-3p MIMAT0027583 106hsa-miR-6763-5p MIMAT0027426 107 hsa-miR-6727-5p MIMAT0027355 108hsa-miR-371a-5p MIMAT0004687 109 hsa-miR-6824-5p MIMAT0027548 110hsa-miR-4648 MIMAT0019710 111 hsa-miR-1227-5p MIMAT0022941 112hsa-miR-564 MIMAT0003228 113 hsa-miR-3679-3p MIMAT0018105 114hsa-miR-2861 MIMAT0013802 115 hsa-miR-6737-5p MIMAT0027375 116hsa-miR-575 MIMAT0003240 117 hsa-miR-4725-3p MIMAT0019844 118hsa-miR-6716-5p MIMAT0025844 119 hsa-miR-4675 MIMAT0019757 120hsa-miR-1915-3p MIMAT0007892 121 hsa-miR-671-5p MIMAT0003880 122hsa-miR-3656 MIMAT0018076 123 hsa-miR-6722-3p MIMAT0025854 124hsa-miR-4707-5p MIMAT0019807 125 hsa-miR-4449 MIMAT0018968 126hsa-miR-1202 MIMAT0005865 127 hsa-miR-4649-5p MIMAT0019711 128hsa-miR-744-5p MIMAT0004945 129 hsa-miR-642a-3p MIMAT0020924 130hsa-miR-451a MIMAT0001631 131 hsa-miR-6870-5p MIMAT0027640 132hsa-miR-4443 MIMAT0018961 133 hsa-miR-6808-5p MIMAT0027516 134hsa-miR-4728-5p MIMAT0019849 135 hsa-miR-937-5p MIMAT0022938 136hsa-miR-135a-3p MIMAT0004595 137 hsa-miR-663b MIMAT0005867 138hsa-miR-1343-5p MIMAT0027038 139 hsa-miR-6822-5p MIMAT0027544 140hsa-miR-6803-5p MIMAT0027506 141 hsa-miR-6805-3p MIMAT0027511 142hsa-miR-128-2-5p MIMAT0031095 143 hsa-miR-4640-5p MIMAT0019699 144hsa-miR-1469 MIMAT0007347 145 hsa-miR-92a-2-5p MIMAT0004508 146hsa-miR-3940-5p MIMAT0019229 147 hsa-miR-4281 MIMAT0016907 148hsa-miR-1260b MIMAT0015041 149 hsa-miR-4758-5p MIMAT0019903 150hsa-miR-1915-5p MIMAT0007891 151 hsa-miR-5001-5p MIMAT0021021 152hsa-miR-4286 MIMAT0016916 153 hsa-miR-6126 MIMAT0024599 154hsa-miR-6789-5p MIMAT0027478 155 hsa-miR-4459 MIMAT0018981 156hsa-miR-1268a MIMAT0005922 157 hsa-miR-6752-5p MIMAT0027404 158hsa-miR-6131 MIMAT0024615 159 hsa-miR-6800-5p MIMAT0027500 160hsa-miR-4532 MIMAT0019071 161 hsa-miR-6872-3p MIMAT0027645 162hsa-miR-718 MIMAT0012735 163 hsa-miR-6769a-5p MIMAT0027438 164hsa-miR-4707-3p MIMAT0019808 165 hsa-miR-6765-5p MIMAT0027430 166hsa-miR-4739 MIMAT0019868 167 hsa-miR-4525 MIMAT0019064 168 hsa-miR-4270MIMAT0016900 169 hsa-miR-4534 MIMAT0019073 170 hsa-miR-6785-5pMIMAT0027470 171 hsa-miR-6850-5p MIMAT0027600 172 hsa-miR-4697-5pMIMAT0019791 173 hsa-miR-1260a MIMAT0005911 174 hsa-miR-4486MIMAT0019020 175 hsa-miR-6880-5p MIMAT0027660 176 hsa-miR-6802-5pMIMAT0027504 177 hsa-miR-6861-5p MIMAT0027623 178 hsa-miR-92b-5pMIMAT0004792 179 hsa-miR-1238-5p MIMAT0022947 180 hsa-miR-6851-5pMIMAT0027602 181 hsa-miR-7704 MIMAT0030019 182 hsa-miR-149-3pMIMAT0004609 183 hsa-miR-4689 MIMAT0019778 184 hsa-miR-4688 MIMAT0019777185 hsa-miR-125a-3p MIMAT0004602 186 hsa-miR-23b-3p MIMAT0000418 187hsa-miR-614 MIMAT0003282 188 hsa-miR-1913 MIMAT0007888 189 hsa-miR-16-5pMIMAT0000069 190 hsa-miR-675-5p MIMAT0004284 191 hsa-miR-486-3pMIMAT0004762 192 hsa-miR-6777-5p MIMAT0027454 193 hsa-miR-4497MIMAT0019032 194 hsa-miR-296-3p MIMAT0004679 195 hsa-miR-6738-5pMIMAT0027377 196 hsa-miR-4731-5p MIMAT0019853 197 hsa-miR-6889-5pMIMAT0027678 198 hsa-miR-6786-5p MIMAT0027472 199 hsa-miR-92a-3pMIMAT0000092 200 hsa-miR-4294 MIMAT0016849 201 hsa-miR-4763-3pMIMAT0019913 202 hsa-miR-6076 MIMAT0023701 203 hsa-miR-663a MIMAT0003326204 hsa-miR-760 MIMAT0004957 205 hsa-miR-4667-5p MIMAT0019743 206hsa-miR-6090 MIMAT0023715 207 hsa-miR-4730 MIMAT0019852 208hsa-miR-7106-5p MIMAT0028109 209 hsa-miR-3196 MIMAT0015080 210hsa-miR-5698 MIMAT0022491 211 hsa-miR-6087 MIMAT0023712 212hsa-miR-4665-5p MIMAT0019739 213 hsa-miR-8059 MIMAT0030986 214hsa-miR-6879-5p MIMAT0027658 215 hsa-mir-204 MI0000284 216 hsa-mir-1247MI0006382 217 hsa-mir-6875 MI0022722 218 hsa-mir-6857 MI0022703 219hsa-mir-6726 MI0022571 220 hsa-mir-3188 MI0014232 221 hsa-mir-8069MI0025905 222 hsa-mir-4257 MI0015856 223 hsa-mir-1343 MI0017320 224hsa-mir-7108 MI0022959 225 hsa-mir-6825 MI0022670 226 hsa-mir-7641-1MI0024975 227 hsa-mir-7641-2 MI0024976 228 hsa-mir-3185 MI0014227 229hsa-mir-4746 MI0017385 230 hsa-mir-6791 MI0022636 231 hsa-mir-6893MI0022740 232 hsa-mir-4433b MI0025511 233 hsa-mir-3135b MI0016809 234hsa-mir-6781 MI0022626 235 hsa-mir-1908 MI0008329 236 hsa-mir-4792MI0017439 237 hsa-mir-7845 MI0025515 238 hsa-mir-4417 MI0016753 239hsa-mir-3184 MI0014226 240 hsa-mir-1225 MI0006311 241 hsa-mir-1231MI0006321 242 hsa-mir-150 MI0000479 243 hsa-mir-4433 MI0016773 244hsa-mir-6125 MI0021259 245 hsa-mir-4513 MI0016879 246 hsa-mir-6787MI0022632 247 hsa-mir-6784 MI0022629 248 hsa-mir-615 MI0003628 249hsa-mir-6765 MI0022610 250 hsa-mir-5572 MI0019117 251 hsa-mir-6842MI0022688 252 hsa-mir-8063 MI0025899 253 hsa-mir-6780b MI0022681 254hsa-mir-187 MI0000274 255 hsa-mir-128-1 MI0000447 256 hsa-mir-6729MI0022574 257 hsa-mir-6741 MI0022586 258 hsa-mir-6757 MI0022602 259hsa-mir-7110 MI0022961 260 hsa-mir-7975 MI0025751 261 hsa-mir-1233-1MI0006323 262 hsa-mir-1233-2 MI0015973 263 hsa-mir-6845 MI0022691 264hsa-mir-3937 MI0016593 265 hsa-mir-4467 MI0016818 266 hsa-mir-7109MI0022960 267 hsa-mir-6088 MI0020365 268 hsa-mir-6782 MI0022627 269hsa-mir-5195 MI0018174 270 hsa-mir-4454 MI0016800 271 hsa-mir-6724MI0022559 272 hsa-mir-8072 MI0025908 273 hsa-mir-4516 MI0016882 274hsa-mir-6756 MI0022601 275 hsa-mir-4665 MI0017295 276 hsa-mir-6826MI0022671 277 hsa-mir-6820 MI0022665 278 hsa-mir-6887 MI0022734 279hsa-mir-3679 MI0016080 280 hsa-mir-7847 MI0025517 281 hsa-mir-6721MI0022556 282 hsa-mir-3622a MI0016013 283 hsa-mir-939 MI0005761 284hsa-mir-602 MI0003615 285 hsa-mir-7977 MI0025753 286 hsa-mir-6749MI0022594 287 hsa-mir-1914 MI0008335 288 hsa-mir-4651 MI0017279 289hsa-mir-4695 MI0017328 290 hsa-mir-6848 MI0022694 291 hsa-mir-1228MI0006318 292 hsa-mir-642b MI0016685 293 hsa-mir-6746 MI0022591 294hsa-mir-3620 MI0016011 295 hsa-mir-3131 MI0014151 296 hsa-mir-6732MI0022577 297 hsa-mir-7113 MI0022964 298 hsa-mir-23a MI0000079 299hsa-mir-3154 MI0014182 300 hsa-mir-4723 MI0017359 301 hsa-mir-3663MI0016064 302 hsa-mir-4734 MI0017371 303 hsa-mir-6816 MI0022661 304hsa-mir-4442 MI0016785 305 hsa-mir-4476 MI0016828 306 hsa-mir-423MI0001445 307 hsa-mir-1249 MI0006384 308 hsa-mir-6515 MI0022227 309hsa-mir-887 MI0005562 310 hsa-mir-4741 MI0017379 311 hsa-mir-6766MI0022611 312 hsa-mir-4673 MI0017304 313 hsa-mir-6779 MI0022624 314hsa-mir-4706 MI0017339 315 hsa-mir-1268b MI0016748 316 hsa-mir-4632MI0017259 317 hsa-mir-3197 MI0014245 318 hsa-mir-6798 MI0022643 319hsa-mir-711 MI0012488 320 hsa-mir-6840 MI0022686 321 hsa-mir-6763MI0022608 322 hsa-mir-6727 MI0022572 323 hsa-mir-371a MI0000779 324hsa-mir-6824 MI0022669 325 hsa-mir-4648 MI0017275 326 hsa-mir-1227MI0006316 327 hsa-mir-564 MI0003570 328 hsa-mir-2861 MI0013006 329hsa-mir-6737 MI0022582 330 hsa-mir-575 MI0003582 331 hsa-mir-4725MI0017362 332 hsa-mir-6716 MI0022550 333 hsa-mir-4675 MI0017306 334hsa-mir-1915 MI0008336 335 hsa-mir-671 MI0003760 336 hsa-mir-3656MI0016056 337 hsa-mir-6722 MI0022557 338 hsa-mir-4707 MI0017340 339hsa-mir-4449 MI0016792 340 hsa-mir-1202 MI0006334 341 hsa-mir-4649MI0017276 342 hsa-mir-744 MI0005559 343 hsa-mir-642a MI0003657 344hsa-mir-451a MI0001729 345 hsa-mir-6870 MI0022717 346 hsa-mir-4443MI0016786 347 hsa-mir-6808 MI0022653 348 hsa-mir-4728 MI0017365 349hsa-mir-937 MI0005759 350 hsa-mir-135a-1 MI0000452 351 hsa-mir-663bMI0006336 352 hsa-mir-6822 MI0022667 353 hsa-mir-6803 MI0022648 354hsa-mir-6805 MI0022650 355 hsa-mir-128-2 MI0000727 356 hsa-mir-4640MI0017267 357 hsa-mir-1469 MI0007074 358 hsa-mir-92a-2 MI0000094 359hsa-mir-3940 MI0016597 360 hsa-mir-4281 MI0015885 361 hsa-mir-1260bMI0014197 362 hsa-mir-4758 MI0017399 363 hsa-mir-5001 MI0017867 364hsa-mir-4286 MI0015894 365 hsa-mir-6126 MI0021260 366 hsa-mir-6789MI0022634 367 hsa-mir-4459 MI0016805 368 hsa-mir-1268a MI0006405 369hsa-mir-6752 MI0022597 370 hsa-mir-6131 MI0021276 371 hsa-mir-6800MI0022645 372 hsa-mir-4532 MI0016899 373 hsa-mir-6872 MI0022719 374hsa-mir-718 MI0012489 375 hsa-mir-6769a MI0022614 376 hsa-mir-4739MI0017377 377 hsa-mir-4525 MI0016892 378 hsa-mir-4270 MI0015878 379hsa-mir-4534 MI0016901 380 hsa-mir-6785 MI0022630 381 hsa-mir-6850MI0022696 382 hsa-mir-4697 MI0017330 383 hsa-mir-1260a MI0006394 384hsa-mir-4486 MI0016847 385 hsa-mir-6880 MI0022727 386 hsa-mir-6802MI0022647 387 hsa-mir-6861 MI0022708 388 hsa-mir-92b MI0003560 389hsa-mir-1238 MI0006328 390 hsa-mir-6851 MI0022697 391 hsa-mir-7704MI0025240 392 hsa-mir-149 MI0000478 393 hsa-mir-4689 MI0017322 394hsa-mir-4688 MI0017321 395 hsa-mir-125a MI0000469 396 hsa-mir-23bMI0000439 397 hsa-mir-614 MI0003627 398 hsa-mir-1913 MI0008334 399hsa-mir-16-1 MI0000070 400 hsa-mir-16-2 MI0000115 401 hsa-mir-675MI0005416 402 hsa-mir-486 MI0002470 403 hsa-mir-486-2 MI0023622 404hsa-mir-6777 MI0022622 405 hsa-mir-4497 MI0016859 406 hsa-mir-296MI0000747 407 hsa-mir-6738 MI0022583 408 hsa-mir-4731 MI0017368 409hsa-mir-6889 MI0022736 410 hsa-mir-6786 MI0022631 411 hsa-mir-92a-1MI0000093 412 hsa-mir-4294 MI0015827 413 hsa-mir-4763 MI0017404 414hsa-mir-6076 MI0020353 415 hsa-mir-663a MI0003672 416 hsa-mir-760MI0005567 417 hsa-mir-4667 MI0017297 418 hsa-mir-6090 MI0020367 419hsa-mir-4730 MI0017367 420 hsa-mir-7106 MI0022957 421 hsa-mir-3196MI0014241 422 hsa-mir-5698 MI0019305 423 hsa-mir-6087 MI0020364 424hsa-mir-8059 MI0025895 425 hsa-mir-6879 MI0022726 426 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 1 — 427 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 1 — 428 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 2 — 429 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 2 — 430isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 6 — 431 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 6— 432 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 9 — 433 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 9 — 434 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 13 — 435 isomiR example 2 ofSEQ ID NO: 13 — 436 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 18 — 437 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 18 — 438 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 20 — 439isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 20 — 440 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:21 — 441 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 21 — 442 isomiR example 1 of SEQID NO: 23 — 443 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 23 — 444 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 28 — 445 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 28 — 446 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 29 — 447 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 29 — 448isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 30 — 449 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO:30 — 450 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 31 — 451 isomiR example 2 of SEQID NO: 31 — 452 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 34 — 453 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 34 — 454 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 36 — 455 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 36 — 456 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 40 — 457isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 40 — 458 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:41 — 459 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 41 — 460 isomiR example 1 of SEQID NO: 46 — 461 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 46 — 462 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 47 — 463 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 47 — 464 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 50 — 465 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 50 — 466isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 52 — 467 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO:52 — 468 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 54 — 469 isomiR example 2 of SEQID NO: 54 — 470 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 55 — 471 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 55 — 472 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 56 — 473 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 56 — 474 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 58 — 475isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 58 — 476 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:64 — 477 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 64 — 478 isomiR example 1 of SEQID NO: 66 — 479 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 66 — 480 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 67 — 481 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 67 — 482 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 68 — 483 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 68 — 484isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 72 — 485 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO:72 — 486 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 73 — 487 isomiR example 2 of SEQID NO: 73 — 488 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 74 — 489 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 74 — 490 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 76 — 491 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 76 — 492 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 77 — 493isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 77 — 494 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:79 — 495 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 79 — 496 isomiR example 1 of SEQID NO: 80 — 497 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 80 — 498 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 83 — 499 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 83 — 500 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 84 — 501 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 84 — 502isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 85 — 503 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO:85 — 504 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 87 — 505 isomiR example 2 of SEQID NO: 87 — 506 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 89 — 507 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 89 — 508 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 90 — 509 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 90 — 510 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 91 — 511isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 91 — 512 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:92 — 513 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 92 — 514 isomiR example 1 of SEQID NO: 93 — 515 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 93 — 516 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 94 — 517 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 94 — 518 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 95 — 519 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 95 — 520isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 97 — 521 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO:97 — 522 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 99 — 523 isomiR example 2 of SEQID NO: 99 — 524 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 100 — 525 isomiR example2 of SEQ ID NO: 100 — 526 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 101 — 527isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 101 — 528 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO:102 — 529 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 102 — 530 isomiR example 1 ofSEQ ID NO: 104 — 531 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 104 — 532 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 108 — 533 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 108 —534 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 110 — 535 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 110 — 536 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 112 — 537 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 112 — 538 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 113 — 539 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 113 — 540 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 114 —541 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 114 — 542 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 117 — 543 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 117 — 544 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 118 — 545 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 118 — 546 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 120 — 547 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 120 —548 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 121 — 549 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 121 — 550 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 122 — 551 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 122 — 552 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 124 — 553 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 124 — 554 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 125 —555 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 125 — 556 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 126 — 557 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 126 — 558 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 127 — 559 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 127 — 560 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 128 — 561 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 128 —562 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 129 — 563 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 129 — 564 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 130 — 565 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 130 — 566 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 132 — 567 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 132 — 568 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 134 —569 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 134 — 570 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 135 — 571 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 135 — 572 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 136 — 573 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 136 — 574 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 137 — 575 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 137 —576 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 142 — 577 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 142 — 578 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 143 — 579 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 143 — 580 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 145 — 581 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 145 — 582 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 146 —583 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 146 — 584 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 147 — 585 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 147 — 586 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 148 — 587 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 148 — 588 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 149 — 589 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 149 —590 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 150 — 591 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 150 — 592 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 151 — 593 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 151 — 594 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 152 — 595 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 152 — 596 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 153 —597 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 153 — 598 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 155 — 599 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 155 — 600 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 156 — 601 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 156 — 602 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 158 — 603 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 158 —604 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 160 — 605 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 160 — 606 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 162 — 607 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 162 — 608 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 164 — 609 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 164 — 610 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 166 —611 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 166 — 612 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 167 — 613 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 167 — 614 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 173 — 615 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 173 — 616 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 174 — 617 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 174 —618 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 178 — 619 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 178 — 620 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 182 — 621 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 182 — 622 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 183 — 623 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 183 — 624 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 184 —625 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 184 — 626 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 185 — 627 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 185 — 628 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 186 — 629 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 186 — 630 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 187 — 631 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 187 —632 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 188 — 633 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 188 — 634 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 189 — 635 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 189 — 636 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 190 — 637 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 190 — 638 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 191 —639 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 191 — 640 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 193 — 641 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 193 — 642 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 194 — 643 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 194 — 644 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 196 — 645 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 196 —646 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 199 — 647 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 199 — 648 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 201 — 649 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 201 — 650 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 203 — 651 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 203 — 652 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 204 —653 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 204 — 654 isomiR example 1 of SEQ IDNO: 205 — 655 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 205 — 656 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 207 — 657 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 207 — 658 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 209 — 659 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 209 —660 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 210 — 661 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 210 — 662 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 211 — 663 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 211 — 664 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 212 — 665 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 212 — 666 hsa-miR-6717-5p MIMAT0025846 667hsa-miR-3648 MIMAT0018068 668 hsa-miR-3162-5p MIMAT0015036 669hsa-miR-1909-3p MIMAT0007883 670 hsa-miR-8073 MIMAT0031000 671hsa-miR-6769b-5p MIMAT0027620 672 hsa-miR-6836-3p MIMAT0027575 673hsa-miR-4484 MIMAT0019018 674 hsa-miR-6819-5p MIMAT0027538 675hsa-miR-6794-5p MIMAT0027488 676 hsa-miR-24-3p MIMAT0000080 677hsa-mir-6717 MI0022551 678 hsa-mir-3648 MI0016048 679 hsa-mir-3162MI0014192 680 hsa-mir-1909 MI0008330 681 hsa-mir-8073 MI0025909 682hsa-mir-6769b MI0022706 683 hsa-mir-6836 MI0022682 684 hsa-mir-4484MI0016845 685 hsa-mir-6819 MI0022664 686 hsa-mir-6794 MI0022639 687hsa-mir-24-1 MI0000080 688 hsa-mir-24-2 MI0000081 689 isomiR example 1of SEQ ID NO: 666 — 690 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 666 — 691 isomiRexample 1 of SEQ ID NO: 667 — 692 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 667 —693 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 668 — 694 isomiR example 2 of SEQ IDNO: 668 — 695 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 669 — 696 isomiR example 2of SEQ ID NO: 669 — 697 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 673 — 698 isomiRexample 2 of SEQ ID NO: 673 — 699 isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 676 —700 isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 676 —

The present specification encompasses the contents described in thespecifications and/or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No.2014-125036 and No. 2015-070379 from which the present applicationclaims priority.

Advantageous Effect of Invention

According to the present invention, esophageal cancer can be detectedeasily and high accuracy. For example, the presence or absence ofesophageal cancer in a patient can be easily detected by using, asindicators, the determined expression levels of several miRNAs in blood,serum, and/or plasma of the patients, which can be collected withlimited invasiveness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 This figure shows the relationship between hsa-miR-1343-3pconsisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 andhsa-miR-1343-5p consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138, which are produced from a precursor hsa-mir-1343 consistingof a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 223.

FIG. 2 Left diagram: the expression level measurement values ofhsa-miR-204-3p (SEQ ID NO: 1) in healthy subjects (100 persons) andesophageal cancer patients (34 persons) selected as a training cohortwere each plotted on the ordinate. The horizontal line in the diagramdepicts a threshold (12.3) that was optimized by Fisher's discriminantanalysis and discriminated between the two groups. Right diagram: theexpression level measurement values of hsa-miR-204-3p (SEQ ID NO: 1) inhealthy subjects (50 persons) and esophageal cancer patients (16persons) selected as a validation cohort were each plotted on theordinate. The horizontal line in the diagram depicts the threshold(12.3) that was set in the training cohort and discriminated betweenboth of the groups.

FIG. 3 Left diagram: the expression level measurement values ofhsa-miR-1247-3p (SEQ ID NO: 2) in healthy subjects (100 persons,circles) and esophageal cancer patients (34 persons, triangles) selectedas training cohort were each plotted on the abscissa against theirexpression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6857-5p (SEQ ID NO: 4) onthe ordinate. The line in the diagram depicts a discriminant function(0=2.42x+y−21.17) that was optimized by Fisher's discriminant analysisand discriminated between both of the groups. Right diagram: theexpression level measurement values of hsa-miR-1247-3p (SEQ ID NO: 2) inhealthy subjects (50 persons, circles) and esophageal cancer patients(34 persons, triangles) selected as validation cohort were each plottedon the abscissa against their expression level measurement values ofhsa-miR-6857-5p (SEQ ID NO: 4) on the ordinate. The line in the diagramdepicts the threshold (0=2.42x+y−21.17) that was set in the trainingcohort and discriminated between both of the groups.

FIG. 4 (schematic A) a discriminant(−2.65×hsa-miR-4739-3.01×hsa-miR-1343-5p+0.69×hsa-miR-204-3p+0.95×hsa-miR-4723-5p−0.56×hsa-miR-6726-5p−0.99×hsa-miR-6717-5p+57.33)was prepared by use of Fisher's discriminant analysis from theexpression level measurement values of hsa-miR-204-3p (SEQ ID NO: 1),hsa-miR-6726-5p (SEQ ID NO: 5), hsa-miR-4723-5p (SEQ ID NO: 85),hsa-miR-1343-5p (SEQ ID NO: 138), hsa-miR-4739 (SEQ ID NO: 166), andhsa-miR-6717-5p (SEQ ID NO: 666) in 34 esophageal cancer patients, 103healthy subjects, 69 pancreatic cancer patients, 66 bile duct cancerpatients, 30 colorectal cancer patients, 33 stomach cancer patients, 32liver cancer patients, and 15 benign pancreaticobiliary disease patientsselected as training cohorts, and discriminant scores obtained from thediscriminant were plotted on the ordinate against the sample groups onthe abscissa. The dotted line in the diagram depicts a discriminationboundary that offered a discriminant score of 0 and discriminatedbetween the groups. FIG. 4 (schematic B) discriminant scores obtainedfrom the discriminant prepared for the training cohort as to theexpression level measurement values of hsa-miR-204-3p (SEQ ID NO: 1),hsa-miR-6726-5p (SEQ ID NO: 5), hsa-miR-4723-5p (SEQ ID NO: 85),hsa-miR-1343-5p (SEQ ID NO: 138), hsa-miR-4739 (SEQ ID NO: 166), andhsa-miR-6717-5p (SEQ ID NO: 666) in 16 esophageal cancer patients, 47healthy subjects, 30 pancreatic cancer patients, 33 bile duct cancerpatients, 20 colorectal cancer patients, 17 stomach cancer patients, 20liver cancer patients, and 6 benign pancreaticobiliary disease patientsselected as validation cohort were plotted on the ordinate against thesample groups on the abscissa. The dotted line in the diagram depictsthe discriminant boundary that offered a discriminant score of 0 anddiscriminated between both of the groups.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detailspecifically.

1. Target Nucleic Acid for Esophageal Cancer

Primary target nucleic acids that can be used as esophageal cancermarkers for detecting the presence and/or absence of esophageal canceror esophageal cancer cells using the nucleic acid probe or the primerfor the detection of esophageal cancer defined above according to thepresent invention is at least one miRNAs selected from the groupconsisting of the following miRNAs: hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p,hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188,hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p,hsa-miR-6825-5p, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p,hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b,hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p,hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231,hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125,hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p,hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063,hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p,hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975,hsa-miR-1233-5p, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467,hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p,hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516,hsa-miR-6756-5p, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p,hsa-miR-6887-5p, hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p,hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977,hsa-miR-6749-5p, hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p,hsa-miR-6848-5p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p,hsa-miR-3620-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p,hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p,hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476,hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p,hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p,hsa-miR-4706, hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197,hsa-miR-6798-5p, hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p,hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648,hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861,hsa-miR-6737-5p, hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675,hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p,hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p,hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p,hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p,hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p,hsa-miR-6803-5p, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p,hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281,hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p,hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459,hsa-miR-1268a, hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p,hsa-miR-4532, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p,hsa-miR-4707-3p, hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525,hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p,hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p,hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p,hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689,hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614,hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648,hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p,hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6819-5p, and hsa-miR-6794-5p.Furthermore, miRNAs selected from other esophageal cancer markers thatcan be combined with these miRNAs, i.e., hsa-miR-575 and hsa-miR-24-3p,can also be preferably used as a target nucleic acid. Moreover, at leastone miRNA selected from the group consisting of the following otheresophageal cancer markers that can be combined with these miRNAs, i.e.,hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497,hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p,hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p,hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090,hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087,hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059 and hsa-miR-6879-5p can also be preferablyused as target nucleic acids.

These miRNAs include, for example, a human gene comprising a nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676(i.e., hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p,hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-8069,hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-6825-5p,hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6791-5p,hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-6781-5p,hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-4417,hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-1225-3p,hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-4513,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-6765-3p,hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063, hsa-miR-6780b-5p,hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-6741-5p,hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-1233-5p,hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-7109-5p,hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-4454,hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-6756-5p,hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-6887-5p,hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p,hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-6749-5p,hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p, hsa-miR-6848-5p,hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p, hsa-miR-3620-5p,hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p,hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-4734,hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-423-5p,hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p, hsa-miR-4741,hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4706,hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197, hsa-miR-6798-5p,hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p, hsa-miR-6727-5p,hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-1227-5p,hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-6737-5p,hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675, hsa-miR-1915-3p,hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4707-5p,hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-744-5p,hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p, hsa-miR-4443,hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p, hsa-miR-135a-3p,hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p, hsa-miR-6803-5p,hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p, hsa-miR-1469,hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-1260b,hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p, hsa-miR-4286,hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459, hsa-miR-1268a,hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p, hsa-miR-4532,hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p, hsa-miR-4707-3p,hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525, hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534,hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a,hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p,hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704,hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p,hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p,hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484,hsa-miR-6819-5p, hsa-miR-6794-5p hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-24-3p,hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497,hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p,hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p,hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090,hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087,hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059 and hsa-miR-6879-5p, respectively), acongener thereof, a transcript thereof, and a variant or a derivativethereof. In this context, the gene, the congener, the transcript, thevariant, and the derivative are as defined above.

The target nucleic acid is preferably a human gene comprising anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or atranscript thereof, more preferably the transcript, i.e., a miRNA or itsprecursor RNA (pri-miRNA or pre-miRNA).

The first target gene is the hsa-miR-204-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The second target gene is the hsa-miR-1247-3p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The third target gene is the hsa-miR-6875-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The fourth target gene is the hsa-miR-6857-5p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The fifth target gene is the hsa-miR-6726-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The sixth target gene is the hsa-miR-3188 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The seventh target gene is the hsa-miR-8069 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The eighth target gene is the hsa-miR-4257 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The ninth target gene is the hsa-miR-1343-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 10th target gene is the hsa-miR-7108-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 11th target gene is the hsa-miR-6825-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 12th target gene is the hsa-miR-7641 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 13th target gene is the hsa-miR-3185 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 14th target gene is the hsa-miR-4746-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 15th target gene is the hsa-miR-6791-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 16th target gene is the hsa-miR-6893-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 17th target gene is the hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 18th target gene is the hsa-miR-3135b gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 19th target gene is the hsa-miR-6781-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 20th target gene is the hsa-miR-1908-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 21st target gene is the hsa-miR-4792 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 22nd target gene is the hsa-miR-7845-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 23rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4417 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 24th target gene is the hsa-miR-3184-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 25th target gene is the hsa-miR-1225-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 26th target gene is the hsa-miR-1231 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 27th target gene is the hsa-miR-1225-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 28th target gene is the hsa-miR-150-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 29th target gene is the hsa-miR-4433-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 30th target gene is the hsa-miR-6125 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 31st target gene is the hsa-miR-4513 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 32nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6787-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 33rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6784-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 34th target gene is the hsa-miR-615-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 35th target gene is the hsa-miR-6765-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 36th target gene is the hsa-miR-5572 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 37th target gene is the hsa-miR-6842-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 38th target gene is the hsa-miR-8063 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 39th target gene is the hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 40th target gene is the hsa-miR-187-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 41st target gene is the hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 42nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6729-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 43rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6741-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 44th target gene is the hsa-miR-6757-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 45th target gene is the hsa-miR-7110-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 46th target gene is the hsa-miR-7975 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 47th target gene is the hsa-miR-1233-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 48th target gene is the hsa-miR-6845-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 49th target gene is the hsa-miR-3937 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 50th target gene is the hsa-miR-4467 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 51st target gene is the hsa-miR-7109-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 52nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6088 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 53rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6782-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 54th target gene is the hsa-miR-5195-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 55th target gene is the hsa-miR-4454 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 56th target gene is the hsa-miR-6724-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 57th target gene is the hsa-miR-8072 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 58th target gene is the hsa-miR-4516 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 59th target gene is the hsa-miR-6756-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 60th target gene is the hsa-miR-4665-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 61st target gene is the hsa-miR-6826-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 62nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6820-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 63rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6887-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 64th target gene is the hsa-miR-3679-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 65th target gene is the hsa-miR-7847-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 66th target gene is the hsa-miR-6721-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 67th target gene is the hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 68th target gene is the hsa-miR-939-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 69th target gene is the hsa-miR-602 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 70th target gene is the hsa-miR-7977 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 71st target gene is the hsa-miR-6749-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 72nd target gene is the hsa-miR-1914-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 73rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4651 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 74th target gene is the hsa-miR-4695-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 75th target gene is the hsa-miR-6848-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 76th target gene is the hsa-miR-1228-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 77th target gene is the hsa-miR-642b-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 78th target gene is the hsa-miR-6746-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 79th target gene is the hsa-miR-3620-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 80th target gene is the hsa-miR-3131 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 81st target gene is the hsa-miR-6732-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 82nd target gene is the hsa-miR-7113-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 83rd target gene is the hsa-miR-23a-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 84th target gene is the hsa-miR-3154 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 85th target gene is the hsa-miR-4723-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 86th target gene is the hsa-miR-3663-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 87th target gene is the hsa-miR-4734 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 88th target gene is the hsa-miR-6816-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 89th target gene is the hsa-miR-4442 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 90th target gene is the hsa-miR-4476 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 91st target gene is the hsa-miR-423-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 92nd target gene is the hsa-miR-1249 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 93rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6515-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 94th target gene is the hsa-miR-887-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 95th target gene is the hsa-miR-4741 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 96th target gene is the hsa-miR-6766-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 97th target gene is the hsa-miR-4673 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 98th target gene is the hsa-miR-6779-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 99th target gene is the hsa-miR-4706 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 100th target gene is the hsa-miR-1268b gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 101st target gene is the hsa-miR-4632-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 102nd target gene is the hsa-miR-3197 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 103rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6798-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 104th target gene is the hsa-miR-711 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 105th target gene is the hsa-miR-6840-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 106th target gene is the hsa-miR-6763-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 107th target gene is the hsa-miR-6727-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 108th target gene is the hsa-miR-371a-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 109th target gene is the hsa-miR-6824-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 110th target gene is the hsa-miR-4648 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 111th target gene is the hsa-miR-1227-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 112th target gene is the hsa-miR-564 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 113th target gene is the hsa-miR-3679-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 114th target gene is the hsa-miR-2861 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 115th target gene is the hsa-miR-6737-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 116th target gene is the hsa-miR-575 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previouslyknown report shows that change in the expression of the gene or thetranscript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer (PatentLiterature 1).

The 117th target gene is the hsa-miR-4725-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 118th target gene is the hsa-miR-6716-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 119th target gene is the hsa-miR-4675 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 120th target gene is the hsa-miR-1915-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 121st target gene is the hsa-miR-671-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 122nd target gene is the hsa-miR-3656 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 123rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6722-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 124th target gene is the hsa-miR-4707-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 125th target gene is the hsa-miR-4449 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 126th target gene is the hsa-miR-1202 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 127th target gene is the hsa-miR-4649-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 128th target gene is the hsa-miR-744-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 129th target gene is the hsa-miR-642a-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 130th target gene is the hsa-miR-451a gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 131st target gene is the hsa-miR-6870-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 132nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4443 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 133rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6808-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 134th target gene is the hsa-miR-4728-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 135th target gene is the hsa-miR-937-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 136th target gene is the hsa-miR-135a-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 137th target gene is the hsa-miR-663b gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 138th target gene is the hsa-miR-1343-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 139th target gene is the hsa-miR-6822-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 140th target gene is the hsa-miR-6803-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 141st target gene is the hsa-miR-6805-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 142nd target gene is the hsa-miR-128-2-5p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 143rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4640-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 144th target gene is the hsa-miR-1469 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 145th target gene is the hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 146th target gene is the hsa-miR-3940-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 147th target gene is the hsa-miR-4281 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 148th target gene is the hsa-miR-1260b gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 149th target gene is the hsa-miR-4758-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 150th target gene is the hsa-miR-1915-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 151st target gene is the hsa-miR-5001-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 152nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4286 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 153rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6126 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 154th target gene is the hsa-miR-6789-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 155th target gene is the hsa-miR-4459 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 156th target gene is the hsa-miR-1268a gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 157th target gene is the hsa-miR-6752-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 158th target gene is the hsa-miR-6131 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 159th target gene is the hsa-miR-6800-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 160th target gene is the hsa-miR-4532 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 161st target gene is the hsa-miR-6872-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 162nd target gene is the hsa-miR-718 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 163rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6769a-5p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 164th target gene is the hsa-miR-4707-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 165th target gene is the hsa-miR-6765-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 166th target gene is the hsa-miR-4739 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 167th target gene is the hsa-miR-4525 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 168th target gene is the hsa-miR-4270 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 169th target gene is the hsa-miR-4534 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 170th target gene is the hsa-miR-6785-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 171st target gene is the hsa-miR-6850-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 172nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4697-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 173rd target gene is the hsa-miR-1260a gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 174th target gene is the hsa-miR-4486 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 175th target gene is the hsa-miR-6880-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 176th target gene is the hsa-miR-6802-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 177th target gene is the hsa-miR-6861-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 178th target gene is the hsa-miR-92b-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 179th target gene is the hsa-miR-1238-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 180th target gene is the hsa-miR-6851-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 181st target gene is the hsa-miR-7704 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 182nd target gene is the hsa-miR-149-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 183rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4689 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 184th target gene is the hsa-miR-4688 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 185th target gene is the hsa-miR-125a-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 186th target gene is the hsa-miR-23b-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 187th target gene is the hsa-miR-614 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 188th target gene is the hsa-miR-1913 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 189th target gene is the hsa-miR-16-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 190th target gene is the hsa-miR-675-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 191st target gene is the hsa-miR-486-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 192nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6777-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 193rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4497 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 194th target gene is the hsa-miR-296-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 195th target gene is the hsa-miR-6738-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 196th target gene is the hsa-miR-4731-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 197th target gene is the hsa-miR-6889-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 198th target gene is the hsa-miR-6786-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 199th target gene is the hsa-miR-92a-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previouslyknown report shows that change in the expression of the gene or thetranscript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer (PatentLiterature 1).

The 200th target gene is the hsa-miR-4294 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 201st target gene is the hsa-miR-4763-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 202nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6076 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 203rd target gene is the hsa-miR-663a gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previouslyknown report shows that change in the expression of the gene or thetranscript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer (PatentLiterature 1).

The 204th target gene is the hsa-miR-760 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 205th target gene is the hsa-miR-4667-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 206th target gene is the hsa-miR-6090 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 207th target gene is the hsa-miR-4730 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 208th target gene is the hsa-miR-7106-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 209th target gene is the hsa-miR-3196 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 210th target gene is the hsa-miR-5698 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 211th target gene is the hsa-miR-6087 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 212th target gene is the hsa-miR-4665-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 213th target gene is the hsa-miR-8059 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 214th target gene is the hsa-miR-6879-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 215th target gene is the hsa-miR-6717-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 216th target gene is the hsa-miR-3648 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 217th target gene is the hsa-miR-3162-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for colorectalesophageal cancer.

The 218th target gene is the hsa-miR-1909-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 219th target gene is the hsa-miR-8073 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 220th target gene is the hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene, a congener thereof,a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 221st target gene is the hsa-miR-6836-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 222nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4484 gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 223rd target gene is the hsa-miR-6819-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 224th target gene is the hsa-miR-6794-5p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of thepreviously known reports show that change in the expression of the geneor the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer.

The 225th target gene is the hsa-miR-24-3p gene, a congener thereof, atranscript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previouslyknown report shows that change in the expression of the gene or thetranscript thereof can serve as a marker for esophageal cancer (PatentLiterature 1).

2. Nucleic Acid Probe or Primer for Detection of Esophageal Cancer

In the present invention, a nucleic acid capable of specifically bindingto any of the target nucleic acids as the esophageal cancer markersdescribed above can be used as a nucleic acid, for example, a nucleicacid probe or a primer, for the detection or diagnosis of esophagealcancer.

In the present invention, the nucleic acid probes or the primers thatcan be used for detecting esophageal cancer or for diagnosing esophagealcancer enable qualitative and/or quantitative measurement of thepresence, expression level, or existing amount (abundance) of any of thetarget nucleic acids as the esophageal cancer markers described above,for example, human-derived hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p,hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188,hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p,hsa-miR-6825-5p, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p,hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b,hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p,hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231,hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125,hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p,hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063,hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p,hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975,hsa-miR-1233-5p, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467,hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p,hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516,hsa-miR-6756-5p, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p,hsa-miR-6887-5p, hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p,hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977,hsa-miR-6749-5p, hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p,hsa-miR-6848-5p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p,hsa-miR-3620-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p,hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p,hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476,hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p,hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p,hsa-miR-4706, hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197,hsa-miR-6798-5p, hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p,hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648,hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861,hsa-miR-6737-5p, hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675,hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p,hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p,hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p,hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p,hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p,hsa-miR-6803-5p, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p,hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281,hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p,hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459,hsa-miR-1268a, hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p,hsa-miR-4532, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p,hsa-miR-4707-3p, hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525,hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p,hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p,hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p,hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689,hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614,hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648,hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p,hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6819-5p, and hsa-miR-6794-5p or acombination thereof: congeners thereof: transcripts thereof: or variantsor derivatives thereof; and, optionally in combination therewith,hsa-miR-575, and hsa-miR-24-3p or a combination thereof: congenersthereof: transcripts thereof: or variants or derivatives thereof; and,optionally in combination therewith, hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p,hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p,hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p,hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760,hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p,hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087, hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059,and hsa-miR-6879-5p or a combination thereof, congeners thereof,transcripts thereof, or variants or derivatives thereof.

The expression levels of the target nucleic acids described above areincreased or decreased (hereinafter, referred to as“increased/decreased”) depending on the types of the target nucleicacids in a subject having esophageal cancer as compared with healthysubjects. Hence, the nucleic acid of the present invention can beeffectively used for measuring expression levels of the target nucleicacids described above in body fluids from a subject (e.g., humans)suspected of having esophageal cancer and body fluids from healthysubjects and thereby detecting esophageal cancer through the comparisonthereof.

The nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used in the presentinvention is a nucleic acid probe capable of specifically binding to apolynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by atleast one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, or aprimer for amplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotidesequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675.

The nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be further used in thepresent invention can comprise a nucleic acid probe capable ofspecifically binding to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676, or a primer foramplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676.

The nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used in the presentinvention may further comprise a nucleic acid probe capable ofspecifically binding to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotidesequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214, or aprimer for amplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotidesequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214.

Specifically, these nucleic acid probes or primers comprise acombination of one or more polynucleotides selected from a group ofpolynucleotides comprising nucleotide sequences represented by any ofSEQ ID NOs: 1 to 700 or nucleotide sequences from the nucleotidesequences by the replacement of u with t, and a complementarypolynucleotide group thereof, a group of polynucleotides respectivelyhybridizing under stringent conditions (mentioned later) to DNAsconsisting of nucleotide sequences complementary to these nucleotidesequences, and a complementary polynucleotide group thereof, and a groupof polynucleotides comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or moreconsecutive nucleotides that are from the nucleotide sequences of thesepolynucleotide groups. These polynucleotides can be used as nucleic acidprobes and primers for detecting the esophageal cancer markers as targetnucleic acids.

More specifically, examples of the nucleic acid probes or the primersthat can be used in the present invention include one or morepolynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675, or a nucleotidesequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, avariant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675,

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117to 189, and 666 to 675, or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivativethereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides,

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675, or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (a) to (d).

In addition to at least one polynucleotides selected from any of thegroup consisting of the polynucleotides (a) to (e), the nucleic acidprobe or the primer that can be used in the present invention mayfurther comprise a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting ofthe following polynucleotides (f) to (j);

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented bySEQ ID NOs: 116 to 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivativethereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides,

(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NOs: 116 to 676,

(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 to 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 to 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (f) to (i).

In addition to at least one polynucleotides selected from any of thegroup consisting of the polynucleotides (a) to (j), the nucleic acidprobes or the primers that can be used in the present invention mayfurther comprise a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting ofthe following polynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214,

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 ora nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement ofu with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (k) to (n).

For the above-mentioned polynucleotides, the “fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides” can comprise, but is notlimited to, the number of nucleotides in the range from, for example, 15consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides ofthe sequence, from 17 consecutive nucleotides to less than the totalnumber of nucleotides of the sequence, or from 19 consecutivenucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of thesequence, or the like, and is from the nucleotide sequence of eachpolynucleotide.

These polynucleotides or fragments thereof used in the present inventionmay each be DNA or may each be RNA.

The polynucleotides that can be used in the present invention can beprepared by use of a general technique such as a DNA recombinationtechnique, a PCR method, or a method using an automatic DNA/RNAsynthesizer.

The DNA recombination technique and the PCR method may employ techniquesdescribed in, for example, Ausubel et al., Current Protocols inMolecular Biology, John Willey & Sons, US (1993); and Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress, US (1989).

The human-derived hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p,hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-8069,hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-6825-5p,hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6791-5p,hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-6781-5p,hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-4417,hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-1225-3p,hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-4513,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-6765-3p,hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063, hsa-miR-6780b-5p,hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-6741-5p,hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-1233-5p,hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-7109-5p,hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-4454,hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-6756-5p,hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-6887-5p,hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p,hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-6749-5p,hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p, hsa-miR-6848-5p,hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p, hsa-miR-3620-5p,hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p,hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-4734,hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-423-5p,hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p, hsa-miR-4741,hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4706,hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197, hsa-miR-6798-5p,hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p, hsa-miR-6727-5p,hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-1227-5p,hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-6737-5p,hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675,hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p,hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p,hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p,hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p,hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p,hsa-miR-6803-5p, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p,hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281,hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p,hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459,hsa-miR-1268a, hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p,hsa-miR-4532, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p,hsa-miR-4707-3p, hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525,hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p,hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p,hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p,hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689,hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614,hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648,hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p,hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6819-5p, hsa-miR-6794-5phsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p,hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p,hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294,hsa-miR-4763-3p, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760,hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p,hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087, hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059and hsa-miR-6879-5p represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676are known in the art, and their acquisition methods are also known asmentioned above. Therefore, each polynucleotide that can be used as anucleic acid probe or a primer in the present invention can be preparedby cloning the gene.

Such nucleic acid probes or primers can be chemically synthesized usingan automatic DNA synthesizer. In general, the phosphoramidite method isused in this synthesis, and single-stranded DNA up to approximately 100nucleotides can be automatically synthesized by this method. Theautomatic DNA synthesizer is commercially available from, for example,Polygen GmbH, ABI, or Applied Biosystems, Inc.

Alternatively, the polynucleotides of the present invention can also beprepared by cDNA cloning methods. The cDNA cloning technique may employ,for example, microRNA Cloning Kit Wako.

In this context, the sequences of the nucleic acid probes and theprimers for detecting the polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676 donot exist as miRNAs or precursors thereof in the living body or in vivo.For example, the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 andSEQ ID NO: 138 are produced from the precursor represented by SEQ ID NO:223. This precursor has a hairpin-like structure as shown in FIG. 1 ,and the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO:138 have mismatch sequences with each other. Likewise, a nucleotidesequence completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence representedby SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 138 is not naturally produced in vivo. Assuch, the nucleic acid probe and the primer for detecting the nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676 haveartificial nucleotide sequences that do not exist in the living body orin vivo.

3. Kit or Device for Detection of Esophageal Cancer

The present invention also provides a kit or a device for the detectionof esophageal cancer, comprising one or more polynucleotides (which mayinclude a variant, a fragment, or a derivative thereof; hereinafter,also referred to as a polynucleotide for detection) that can be used asnucleic acid probes or primers in the present invention for measuringtarget nucleic acids as esophageal cancer markers.

The target nucleic acids as esophageal cancer markers according to thepresent invention are selected from the following group A:

(Group A) hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p,hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-8069,hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-6825-5p,hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6791-5p,hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-6781-5p,hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-4417,hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-1225-3p,hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-4513,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-6765-3p,hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063, hsa-miR-6780b-5p,hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-6741-5p,hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-1233-5p,hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-7109-5p,hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-4454,hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-6756-5p,hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-6887-5p,hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p,hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-6749-5p,hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p, hsa-miR-6848-5p,hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p, hsa-miR-3620-5p,hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p,hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-4734,hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-423-5p,hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p, hsa-miR-4741,hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4706,hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197, hsa-miR-6798-5p,hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p, hsa-miR-6727-5p,hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-1227-5p,hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-6737-5p,hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675, hsa-miR-1915-3p,hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4707-5p,hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-744-5p,hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p, hsa-miR-4443,hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p, hsa-miR-135a-3p,hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p, hsa-miR-6803-5p,hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p, hsa-miR-1469,hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-1260b,hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p, hsa-miR-4286,hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459, hsa-miR-1268a,hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p, hsa-miR-4532,hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p, hsa-miR-4707-3p,hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525, hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534,hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a,hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p,hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704,hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p,hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p,hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p,hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484,hsa-miR-6819-5p and hsa-miR-6794-5p.

Additional target nucleic acids that may be optionally used in themeasurement are selected from the following group B:

(Group B) hsa-miR-575 and hsa-miR-24-3p.

Additional target nucleic acids that may be further optionally used inthe measurement are selected from the following group C:

(Group C) hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497,hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p,hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p,hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090,hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087,hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059 and hsa-miR-6879-5p.

The kit or the device of the present invention comprises one or morenucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to any of the targetnucleic acids as the esophageal cancer markers described above,preferably one or more polynucleotide(s) selected from thepolynucleotides described in the preceding Section 2, or variant(s)thereof, etc.

Specifically, the kit or the device of the present invention cancomprise at least one polynucleotide comprising (or consisting of) anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, polynucleotide(s) comprising(or consisting of) a complementary sequence thereof, polynucleotide(s)hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides,or variant(s) or fragment(s) comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The kit or the device of the present invention can further comprise oneor more polynucleotides comprising (or consisting of) a nucleotidesequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or a nucleotide sequencefrom the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t,polynucleotide(s) comprising (or consisting of) a complementary sequencethereof, polynucleotide(s) hybridizing under stringent conditions to anyof these polynucleotides, variant(s) or fragment(s) comprising 15 ormore consecutive nucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The kit or the device of the present invention can further comprise oneor more polynucleotides comprising (or consisting of) a nucleotidesequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a nucleotidesequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t,polynucleotide(s) comprising (or consisting of) a complementary sequencethereof, polynucleotide(s) hybridizing under stringent conditions to anyof these polynucleotides, variant(s) or fragment(s) comprising 15 ormore consecutive nucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The fragment(s) that can be comprised in the kit or the device of thepresent invention is/are, for example, one or more polynucleotides,preferably two or more polynucleotides selected from the groupconsisting of the following polynucleotides (1) to (3):

(1) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides thatare from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequencerepresented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof;

(2) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides thatare from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 by the replacement of u with t,or a complementary sequence thereof, and

(3) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides thatare from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequencerepresented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 by the replacement of uwith t, or a complementary sequence thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a polynucleotideconsisting of a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotidehybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides,or a variant thereof comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, morepreferably 19 or more consecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs:116 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by thereplacement of u with t, a polynucleotide consisting of a complementarysequence thereof, a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringentconditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant thereofcomprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or moreconsecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs:190 to 214 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by thereplacement of u with t, a polynucleotide consisting of a complementarysequence thereof, a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringentconditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant thereofcomprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or moreconsecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the fragment can be a polynucleotidecomprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or moreconsecutive nucleotides.

In the present invention, the size of the polynucleotide fragment is thenumber of nucleotides in the range of from, for example, 15 consecutivenucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of thesequence, from 17 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total numberof nucleotides of the sequence, or 19 consecutive nucleotides to lessthan the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, in the nucleotidesequence of each polynucleotide.

Specific examples of the combination of aforementioned polynucleotidesconstituting the kit or the device of the present invention can includea combination of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more of thepolynucleotides as relevant to the combinations of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214and 666 to 676 shown in Table 1. However, these are given merely forillustrative purposes, and all of various other possible combinationsare included in the present invention.

The aforementioned combination constituting the kit or the device fordiscriminating an esophageal cancer patient from a healthy subjectaccording to the present invention is desirably, for example, acombination of two or more aforementioned polynucleotides consisting ofthe nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to676 shown in Table 1. Usually, a combination of two of thesepolynucleotides can produce adequate performance.

The combination of two polynucleotides for specifically discriminatingan esophageal cancer patient from a healthy subject is preferably acombination comprising at least one of newly found polynucleotidesconsisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to115, 117 to 189 and 666 to 675, among the combinations constituted bytwo of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequencesrepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676.

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity capableof discriminating an esophageal cancer patient not only from a healthysubject but also from other cancer patients is preferably, for example,a combination of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide selected from the group consisting of polynucleotidesconsisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2,5, 8, 22, 32, 33, 35, 43, 44, 56, 85, 98, 106, 109, 115, 121, 126, 133,138, 155, 157, 166, 177, 179, 185, 202, 212, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670,671, 672, 673, 674, 675 and 676 (hereinafter, this group is referred toas “cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1”); and any of thepolynucleotides of the other SEQ ID NOs.

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity is morepreferably a combination of multiple polynucleotides selected fromcancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1.

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity isfurther preferably a combination comprising at least one polynucleotideselected from the group consisting of or more for polynucleotidesconsisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22,85, 109, 121, 126, 133, 138, 166, and 666 (hereinafter, this group isreferred to as “cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 2”) includedin cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1, among the combinationsof multiple polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specificpolynucleotide group 1.

The number of the polynucleotides with cancer type specificity may be 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more in the combination and is morepreferably 6 or more in the combination. Usually, the combination of 6polynucleotides of these polynucleotides can produce adequateperformance.

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 138, 166, 666, and 668(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3162-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 98, 138, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6779-5p,hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-4723-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 138, 155, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-4459, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 5, 85, 138, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 35, 85, 138, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6765-3p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 22 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed.

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 85, 138, 166 and 666 (markers:hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4273-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 22, 32, 121, 133, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-671-5p,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6808-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-7845-5p,hsa-miR-204-3p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 121, 155, 166, and 666(markers: hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-204-3p,hsa-miR-4459, and hsa-miR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 22, 32, 109, 121, 666, and 667(markers: hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3648,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, and hsa-miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 85 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 85, 138, 166, 185, 666, and 669(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-1909-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 85, 138, 166, 185, 666, and 676(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6717-5p,and miR-24-3p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 85, 138, 166, 177, 185, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6861-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 85, 138, 166, 185, 666, and 667(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-3648, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, andmiR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 33, 85, 138, 166, 185, and 666(markers: miR-6784-5p, miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p,and miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 109 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 109, 121, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-6824-5p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 109, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6824-5p,miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 109, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6824-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 109, 126, 138, 166, 666, and 676(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-6717-5p, andmiR-24-3p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 109, 126, 138, 166, 202, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-6076, andmiR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 121 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 666, and 668(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-3162-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 33, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-6784-5p, miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 179, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-1238-5p,and miR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 177, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6861-5p,and miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 126 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 32, 109, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6787-5p, miR-6824-5p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 109, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6824-5p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 22, 109, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-7845-5p, miR-6824-5p, andmiR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 109, 126, 138, 157, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-6752-5p, miR-1343-5p, miR-6824-5p, andmiR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 133 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 126, 133, 138, 166, 666, and 672(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6808-5p, miR-6836-3p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 126, 133, 138, 166, 666 (markers:miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6808-5p, and miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 109, 126, 133, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-6808-5p, andmiR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 126, 133, 138, 166, 666, and 673(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-4484, miR-6808-5p, andmiR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 126, 133, 138, 166, 666, and 675(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-6794-5p, miR-6808-5p, andmiR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 138 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 138, 166, 666, and 669(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-1909-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 8, 85, 138, 166, 185, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-4257, andmiR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 35, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6765-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 126, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1202, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, andmiR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 666, and 672(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6836-3p,and miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 166 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 138, 166, 666, and 672(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6836-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 56, 85, 138, 166, 185, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-6724-5p, miR-4723-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 32, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-6787-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 121, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-7845-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p,and miR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 5, 85, 138, 166, 185, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6726-5p,and miR-6717-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 666 or acomplementary sequence thereof with polynucleotides consisting ofnucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of five polynucleotidesselected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 orcomplementary sequences thereof are further listed below.

(1) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 157, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-6752-5p, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(2) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 85, 133, 138, 166, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6808-5p,and miR-6717-5p);

(3) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 185, and 666(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-204-3p, miR-125a-3p,and miR-6717-5p);

(4) a combination of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 121, 138, 166, 666, and 667(markers: miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-3648, miR-204-3p, andmiR-6717-5p); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 85, 138, 166, 185, and 666 (markers:miR-4739, miR-1343-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4723-5p, and miR-6717-5p).

The kit or the device of the present invention can also comprise apolynucleotide that is already known or that will be found in thefuture, to enable detection of esophageal cancer in addition to thepolynucleotide(s) (which can include a variant, a fragment, and aderivative) according to the present invention.

The kit of the present invention can also comprise an antibody formeasuring marker(s) for esophageal cancer examination known in the art,such as CEA or SCC, in addition to the polynucleotide(s), etc.,according to the present invention described above.

These polynucleotides comprised in the kit of the present invention maybe packaged in different containers either individually or in anycombination.

The kit of the present invention may comprise a kit for extractingnucleic acids (e.g., total RNA) from body fluids, cells, or tissues, afluorescent material for labeling, an enzyme and a medium for nucleicacid amplification, an instruction manual, etc.

The device of the present invention is a device for cancer markermeasurement in which nucleic acids such as the polynucleotides accordingto the present invention described above are bonded or attached to, forexample, a solid phase. Examples of the material for the solid phaseinclude plastics, paper, glass, and silicon. The material for the solidphase is preferably a plastic from the viewpoint of easy processability.The solid phase has any shape and is, for example, square, round,reed-shaped, or film-shaped. The device of the present inventionincludes, for example, a device for measurement by a hybridizationtechnique. Specific examples thereof include blotting devices andnucleic acid arrays (e.g., microarrays, DNA chips, and RNA chips).

The nucleic acid array technique is a technique which involves bondingor attaching the nucleic acids one by one by use of a method [e.g., amethod of spotting the nucleic acids using a high-density dispensercalled spotter or arrayer onto the surface of the solid phasesurface-treated, if necessary, by coating with L-lysine or theintroduction of a functional group such as an amino group or a carboxylgroup, a method of spraying the nucleic acids onto the solid phase usingan inkjet which injects very small liquid droplets by a piezoelectricelement or the like from a nozzle, or a method of sequentiallysynthesizing nucleotides on the solid phase] to prepare an array such asa chip and measuring target nucleic acids through the use ofhybridization using this array.

The kit or the device of the present invention comprises nucleic acidscapable of specifically binding to the polynucleotides of at least one,preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, most preferablyat least five to any of the esophageal cancer marker miRNAs,respectively, of the group 1 described above. The kit or the device ofthe present invention can optionally further comprise nucleic acidscapable of specifically binding to the polynucleotides of at least one,preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, most preferablyat least five to any of the esophageal cancer marker miRNAs,respectively, of the group 2 described above.

The kit or the device of the present invention can be used for detectingesophageal cancer as described in the Section 4 below.

4. Method for Detecting Esophageal Cancer

The present invention further provides a method for detecting esophagealcancer, comprising using the kit or the device of the present invention(comprising the above-mentioned nucleic acid(s) that can be used in thepresent invention) described in the preceding Section “3. Kit or devicefor detection of esophageal cancer” to measure expression levels of oneor more esophageal cancer-derived genes represented by an expressionlevel(s) of esophageal cancer-derived gene(s) selected from thefollowing group 1 of miRNAs, i.e., hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p,hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188,hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p,hsa-miR-6825-5p, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p,hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b,hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p,hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231,hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125,hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p,hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063,hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p,hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975,hsa-miR-1233-5p, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467,hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p,hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516,hsa-miR-6756-5p, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p,hsa-miR-6887-5p, hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p,hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977,hsa-miR-6749-5p, hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p,hsa-miR-6848-5p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p,hsa-miR-3620-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p,hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p,hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476,hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p,hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p,hsa-miR-4706, hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197,hsa-miR-6798-5p, hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p,hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648,hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861,hsa-miR-6737-5p, hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675,hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p,hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p,hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p,hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p,hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p,hsa-miR-6803-5p, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p,hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281,hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p,hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459,hsa-miR-1268a, hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p,hsa-miR-4532, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p,hsa-miR-4707-3p, hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525,hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p,hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p,hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p,hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689,hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614,hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-3648,hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-1909-3p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-6769b-5p,hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6819-5p, and hsa-miR-6794-5p; andoptionally expression levels of esophageal cancer-derived gene(s)selected from the following group 2: i.e., hsa-miR-575 andhsa-miR-24-3p; and optionally expression levels of esophagealcancer-derived gene(s) selected from the following group 3: i.e.,hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497,hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p,hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p,hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090,hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087,hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059, and hsa-miR-6879-5p in a sample in vitro,further comparing, for example, the expression level of the genedescribed above in the sample (e.g., blood, serum, or plasma) collectedfrom a subject suspected of having esophageal cancer with a controlexpression level in the sample collected from a healthy subject(including a non-esophageal cancer patient), and evaluating the subjectas having esophageal cancer when the expression level of the targetnucleic acid is different between the samples.

This method of the present invention enables a limitedly invasive, earlydiagnosis of the cancer with high sensitivity and high specificity andthereby brings about early treatment and improved prognosis. Inaddition, exacerbation of the disease or the effectiveness of surgical,radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic treatments can be monitored.

The method for extracting the esophageal cancer-derived gene(s) from thesample such as blood, serum, or plasma according to the presentinvention is/are particularly preferably prepared by the addition of areagent for RNA extraction in 3D-Gene™ RNA extraction reagent fromliquid sample kit (Toray Industries, Inc.). A general acidic phenolmethod (acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform (AGPC)) may be used, orTrizol™ (Life Technologies Corp.) may be used. The esophagealcancer-derived gene(s) may be prepared by the addition of a reagent forRNA extraction containing acidic phenol, such as Trizol™ (LifeTechnologies Corp.) or Isogen (Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.). Alternatively, akit such as miRNeasy™ Mini Kit (Qiagen N.V.) may be used, though themethod is not limited thereto.

The present invention also provides use of the kit or the device of thepresent invention for detecting in vitro an expression product(s) of anesophageal cancer-derived miRNA gene(s) in a sample from a subject.

In the method of the present invention, the kit or the device describedabove comprising a single polynucleotide or any possible combination ofpolynucleotides that can be used in the present invention as describedabove.

In the detection or (gentice) diagnosis of esophageal cancer accordingto the present invention, each polynucleotide contained in the kit orthe device of the present invention can be used as a probe or a primer.In the case of using the polynucleotide as a primer, TaqMan™ MicroRNAAssays from Life Technologies Corp., miScript PCR System from QiagenN.V., or the like can be used, though the method is not limited thereto.

The polynucleotide contained in the kit or the device of the presentinvention can be used as a primer or a probe according to a routinemethod in a method known in the art for specifically detecting theparticular gene, for example, a hybridization technique such as Northernblot, Southern blot, in situ hybridization, Northern hybridization, orSouthern hybridization, or a quantitative amplification technique suchas quantitative RT-PCR. A body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, orurine from a subject is collected as a sample to be assayed according tothe type of the detection method used. Alternatively, total RNA preparedfrom such a body fluid by the method described above may be used, andvarious polynucleotides including cDNA prepared on the basis of the RNAmay be used.

The kit or the device of the present invention is useful for thediagnosis of esophageal cancer or the detection of the presence orabsence of esophageal cancer. Specifically, the detection of esophagealcancer using the kit or the device can be performed by detecting invitro expression level(s) of gene(s) using the nucleic acid probe(s) orthe primer(s) contained in the kit or the device in a sample such asblood, serum, plasma, or urine from a subject suspected of havingesophageal cancer. The subject suspected of having esophageal cancer canbe evaluated as having esophageal cancer when the expression level(s) oftarget miRNA marker(s) measured using polynucleotide(s) (includingvariant(s), fragment(s), and derivative(s) thereof) consisting of anucleotide sequence(s) represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a complementary sequence(s) thereof,and optionally nucleotide sequence(s) represented by one or more of SEQID NOs: 116 and 676 or a complementary sequence thereof, and optionallya nucleotide sequence(s) represented by one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 190to 214 or a complementary sequence(s) thereof, in the sample such asblood, serum, plasma, or urine of the subject has a statisticallysignificantly higher or lower than the expression level(s) thereof inthe sample such as blood, serum, or plasma, or urine of a healthysubject.

The method of the present invention can be combined with a diagnosticimaging method such as esophagography, endoscopy, CT scan, MRI scan,endosonography, or ultrasonography. The method of the present inventionis capable of specifically detecting esophageal cancer and cansubstantially discriminate esophageal cancer from the other cancers.

The method for detecting the absence of an expression product ofesophageal cancer-derived gene(s) or the presence of the expressionproduct(s) of esophageal cancer-derived gene(s) in a sample using thekit or the device of the present invention comprises collecting a bodyfluid such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine of a subject, and measuringthe expression level(s) of the target gene(s) contained therein usingone or more polynucleotides (including variant(s), fragment(s), andderivative(s)) selected from the polynucleotide group of the presentinvention, to evaluate the presence or absence of esophageal cancer orto detect esophageal cancer. Using the method for detecting esophagealcancer according to the present invention, for example, the presence orabsence of amelioration of the disease or the degree of ameliorationthereof in an esophageal cancer patient given a therapeutic drug for theamelioration of the disease can be also evaluated or diagnosed.

The method of the present invention can comprise, for example, thefollowing steps (a), (b), and (c):

(a) a step of contacting in vitro a sample from a subject withpolynucleotide(s) contained in the kit or the device of the presentinvention;

(b) a step of measuring expression level(s) of the target nucleic acidin the sample using the polynucleotide(s) as nucleic acid probe(s) orprimer(s); and

(c) a step of evaluating the presence or absence of esophageal cancer(cells) in the subject on the basis of the measurement results in thestep (b).

Specifically, the present invention provides a method for detectingesophageal cancer, comprising measuring expression level(s) of targetnucleic acid(s) in a sample of a subject using a nucleic acid(s) capableof specifically binding to at least one (preferably at least two)polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of miR-204-3p,miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069,miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185,miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b,miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p,miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125,miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572,miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p,miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p, miR-7975,miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p, miR-6088,miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072, miR-4516,miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p, miR-6887-5p,miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p,miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651, miR-4695-5p,miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p,miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154, miR-4723-5p,miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476, miR-423-5p,miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p, miR-4673,miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197, miR-6798-5p,miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p, miR-371a-5p,miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p, miR-2861,miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p,miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202,miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443,miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b,miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p,miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b,miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p,miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532,miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739,miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p,miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688,miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p,miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p,miR-4484, miR-6819-5p and miR-6794-5p; and evaluating in vitro whetheror not the subject has esophageal cancer in the subject using theabove-measured expression levels and a control expression level ofhealthy subject(s) measured in the same way as above.

The term “evaluation” used herein is evaluation support based on resultsof in vitro examination, not physician's judgment.

As described above, in a preferred embodiment of the method of thepresent invention, specifically, miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p,miR-1247-3p is hsa-miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p,miR-6857-5p is hsa-miR-6857-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3188is hsa-miR-3188, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4257 is hsa-miR-4257,miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p,miR-6825-5p is hsa-miR-6825-5p, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-3185 ishsa-miR-3185, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p ishsa-miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p ishsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p ishsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-4792 ishsa-miR-4792, miR-7845-5p is hsa-miR-7845-5p, miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417,miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p is hsa-miR-1225-5p, miR-1231is hsa-miR-1231, miR-1225-3p is hsa-miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p ishsa-miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-6125 ishsa-miR-6125, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-6787-5p is hsa-miR-6787-5p,miR-6784-5p is hsa-miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-5572 is hsa-miR-5572, miR-6842-5p ishsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-8063 is hsa-miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p ishsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p ishsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p ishsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p is hsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p ishsa-miR-7110-5p, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-1233-5p ishsa-miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-3937 ishsa-miR-3937, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-7109-5p,miR-6088 is hsa-miR-6088, miR-6782-5p is hsa-miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p ishsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-6724-5p ishsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516,miR-6756-5p is hsa-miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p,miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p is hsa-miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p is hsa-miR-3679-5p,miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p,miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-939-5p is hsa-miR-939-5p, miR-602is hsa-miR-602, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-6749-5p ishsa-miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p is hsa-miR-1914-3p, miR-4651 ishsa-miR-4651, miR-4695-5p is hsa-miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p ishsa-miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p ishsa-miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p is hsa-miR-6746-5p, miR-3620-5p ishsa-miR-3620-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131, miR-6732-5p ishsa-miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p ishsa-miR-23a-3p, miR-3154 is hsa-miR-3154, miR-4723-5p ishsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p is hsa-miR-3663-3p, miR-4734 ishsa-miR-4734, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442,miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-1249 ishsa-miR-1249, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p ishsa-miR-887-3p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-6766-3p ishsa-miR-6766-3p, miR-4673 is hsa-miR-4673, miR-6779-5p ishsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4706 is hsa-miR-4706, miR-1268b is hsa-miR-1268b,miR-4632-5p is hsa-miR-4632-5p, miR-3197 is hsa-miR-3197, miR-6798-5p ishsa-miR-6798-5p, miR-711 is hsa-miR-711, miR-6840-3p is hsa-miR-6840-3p,miR-6763-5p is hsa-miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p is hsa-miR-6824-5p, miR-4648is hsa-miR-4648, miR-1227-5p is hsa-miR-1227-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564,miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-6737-5p ishsa-miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p is hsa-miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p ishsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-4675 is hsa-miR-4675, miR-1915-3p ishsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-671-5p is hsa-miR-671-5p, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656,miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-4449is hsa-miR-4449, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4649-5p ishsa-miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p is hsa-miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p ishsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-6870-5p ishsa-miR-6870-5p, miR-4443 is hsa-miR-4443, miR-6808-5p ishsa-miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p is hsa-miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p ishsa-miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p is hsa-miR-135a-3p, miR-663b ishsa-miR-663b, miR-1343-5p is hsa-miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p ishsa-miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p is hsa-miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p ishsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p is hsa-miR-128-2-5p, miR-4640-5p ishsa-miR-4640-5p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p ishsa-miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p, miR-4281 ishsa-miR-4281, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-4758-5p ishsa-miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p is hsa-miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p ishsa-miR-5001-5p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-6126 is hsa-miR-6126,miR-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p, miR-4459 is hsa-miR-4459, miR-1268a ishsa-miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p is hsa-miR-6752-5p, miR-6131 is hsa-miR-6131,miR-6800-5p is hsa-miR-6800-5p, miR-4532 is hsa-miR-4532, miR-6872-3p ishsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-6769a-5p ishsa-miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p is hsa-miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p ishsa-miR-6765-5p, miR-4739 is hsa-miR-4739, miR-4525 is hsa-miR-4525,miR-4270 is hsa-miR-4270, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-6785-5p ishsa-miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p ishsa-miR-4697-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486,miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p is hsa-miR-6802-5p,miR-6861-5p is hsa-miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p is hsa-miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p is hsa-miR-6851-5p, miR-7704is hsa-miR-7704, miR-149-3p is hsa-miR-149-3p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689,miR-4688 is hsa-miR-4688, miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p ishsa-miR-23b-3p, miR-614 is hsa-miR-614, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913,miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p is hsa-miR-6717-5p, miR-3648 ishsa-miR-3648, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p ishsa-miR-1909-3p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p ishsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-4484 ishsa-miR-4484, miR-6819-5p is hsa-miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p ishsa-miR-6794-5p.

In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention,specifically, the nucleic acid(s) (specifically, probe(s) or primer(s))is selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides(a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotidesequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, avariant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675,

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117to 189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivativethereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutivenucleotides,

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to189, and 666 to 675 or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotidesequence by the replacement of u with t, and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (a) to (d).

In the method of the present invention, a nucleic acid capable ofspecifically binding to a polynucleotide selected from miR-575 andmiR-24-3p can be further used.

Specifically, miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, and miR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p.

Specifically, the nucleic acid(s) is/are further selected from the groupconsisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,

(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676,

(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676or a nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacementof u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragmentthereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (f) to (i).

The nucleic acid(s) in the method of the present invention can furthercomprise a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least onepolynucleotides selected from the following miRNAs: miR-675-5p,miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p,miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294, miR-4763-3p, miR-6076,miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090, miR-4730, miR-7106-5p,miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 and miR-6879-5p.

In a preferred embodiment, as for such nucleic acids, specifically,miR-675-5p is hsa-miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5pis hsa-miR-6777-5p, miR-4497 is hsa-miR-4497, miR-296-3p ishsa-miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p is hsa-miR-6738-5p, miR-4731-5p ishsa-miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p is hsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p ishsa-miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p is hsa-miR-92a-3p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294,miR-4763-3p is hsa-miR-4763-3p, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-663a ishsa-miR-663a, miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-4667-5p is hsa-miR-4667-5p,miR-6090 is hsa-miR-6090, miR-4730 is hsa-miR-4730, miR-7106-5p ishsa-miR-7106-5p, miR-3196 is hsa-miR-3196, miR-5698 is hsa-miR-5698,miR-6087 is hsa-miR-6087, miR-4665-5p is hsa-miR-4665-5p, miR-8059 ishsa-miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p is hsa-miR-6879-5p.

In a preferred embodiment, such nucleic acid(s) is specificallypolynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the followingpolynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented byany of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a nucleotide sequence from thenucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, aderivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides,

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by anyof SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214,

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementaryto a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 ora nucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement ofu with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereofcomprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides,

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or anucleotide sequence from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of uwith t, and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any ofthe polynucleotides (k) to (n).

Examples of the sample used in the method of the present invention caninclude samples prepared from living tissues (preferably esophagealtissues) or body fluids such as blood, serum, plasma, and urine fromsubject. Specifically, for example, an RNA-containing sample preparedfrom the tissue, a polynucleotide-containing sample further preparedtherefrom, a body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine, aportion or the whole of a living tissue collected from the subject bybiopsy or the like, or a living tissue excised by surgery can be used,and the sample for measurement can be prepared therefrom.

The subject used herein refers to a mammal, for example, a human, amonkey, a mouse or a rat without any limitation, and is preferably ahuman.

The steps of the method of the present invention can be changedaccording to the type of the sample to be assayed.

In the case of using RNA as an analyte, the detection of esophagealcancer (cells) can comprise, for example, the following steps (a), (b),and (c):

(a) a step of binding RNA prepared from a sample from a subject orcomplementary polynucleotides (cDNAs) transcribed from the RNA to apolynucleotides in the kit or the device of the present invention;

(b) a step of measuring the sample-derived RNA or the cDNA(s)synthesized from the RNA, which is/are bound to the polynucleotide(s) byhybridization using the polynucleotide(s) as nucleic acid probe(s) or byquantitative RT-PCR using the polynucleotide(s) as primer(s); and

(c) a step of evaluating the presence or absence of esophageal cancer(or esophageal cancer-derived gene expression) on the basis of themeasurement results of the step (b).

For example, various hybridization methods can be used for detecting,examining, evaluating, or diagnosing esophageal cancer (or esophagealcancer-derived gene expression) in vitro according to the presentinvention. For example, Northern blot, Southern blot, RT-PCR, DNA chipanalysis, in situ hybridization, Northern hybridization, or Southernhybridization can be used as such a hybridization method.

In the case of using the Northern blot, the presence or absence ofexpression of each gene or the expression level thereof in the RNA canbe detected or measured by use of the nucleic acid probe(s) that can beused in the present invention. Specific examples thereof can include amethod which comprises labeling the nucleic acid probe (or acomplementary strand) with a radioisotope (³²P, ³³P, ³⁵S, etc.), afluorescent material, or the like, hybridizing the labeled product withthe tissue-derived RNA from a subject, which is transferred to a nylonmembrane or the like according to a routine method, and then detectingand measuring a signal from the label (radioisotope or fluorescentmaterial) on the formed DNA/RNA duplex using a radiation detector(examples thereof can include BAS-1800 II (Fujifilm Corp.)) or afluorescence detector (examples thereof can include STORM 865 (GEHealthcare Japan Corp.)).

In the case of using the quantitative RT-PCR, the presence or absence ofexpression of each gene or the expression level thereof in the RNA canbe detected or measured by use of the primer that can be used in thepresent invention. Specific examples thereof can include a method whichcomprises preparing cDNA from the tissue-derived RNA of a subjectaccording to a routine method, hybridizing a pair of primers (consistingof a plus strand and a reverse strand binding to the cDNA) of thepresent invention with the cDNA such that the region of each target genecan be amplified with the cDNA as a template, and performing PCRaccording to a routine method to detect the obtained double-strandedDNA. The method for detecting the double-stranded DNA can include amethod of performing the PCR using the primers labeled in advance with aradioisotope or a fluorescent material, a method of electrophoresing thePCR product on an agarose gel and staining the double-stranded DNA withethidium bromide or the like for detection, and a method of transferringthe produced double-stranded DNA to a nylon membrane or the likeaccording to a routine method and hybridizing the double-stranded DNA toa labeled nucleic acid probe for detection.

In the case of using the nucleic acid array analysis, an RNA chip or aDNA chip in which the nucleic acid probes (single-stranded ordouble-stranded) of the present invention is attached to a substrate(solid phase) is used. Regions having the attached nucleic acid probesare referred to as probe spots, and regions having no attached nucleicacid probe are referred to as blank spots. A group of genes immobilizedon a solid-phase substrate is generally called a nucleic acid chip, anucleic acid array, a microarray, or the like. The DNA or RNA arrayincludes a DNA or RNA macroarray and a DNA or RNA microarray. The term“chip” used herein includes any of these arrays. 3D-Gene™ Human miRNAOligo chip (Toray Industries, Inc.) can be used as the DNA chip, thoughthe DNA chip is not limited thereto.

Examples of the measurement using the DNA chip can include, but are notlimited to, a method of detecting and measuring a signal from the labelon the nucleic acid probes using an image detector (examples thereof caninclude Typhoon 9410 (GE Healthcare) and 3D-Gene™ scanner (TorayIndustries, Inc.)).

The “stringent conditions” used herein are, as mentioned above,conditions under which a nucleic acid probe hybridizes to its targetsequence to a larger extent (e.g., a measurement value equal to orlarger than “(a mean of background measurement values)+(a standarddeviation of the background measurement values)×2”) than that for othersequences.

The stringent conditions are defined by hybridization and subsequentwashing conditions. Examples of the hybridization conditions include,but not limited to, 30° C. to 60° C. for 1 to 24 hours in a solutioncontaining SSC, a surfactant, formamide, dextran sulfate, blockingagent(s), etc. In this context, 1×SSC is an aqueous solution (pH 7.0)containing 150 mM sodium chloride and 15 mM sodium citrate. Thesurfactant includes, for example, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), Triton,or Tween. The hybridization conditions more preferably comprise 3-10×SSCand 0.1-1% SDS. Examples of the conditions for the washing, followingthe hybridization, which is another condition to define the stringentconditions, can include conditions comprising continuous washing at 30°C. in a solution containing 0.5×SSC and 0.1% SDS, at 30° C. in asolution containing 0.2×SSC and 0.1% SDS, and at 30° C. in a 0.05×SSCsolution. It is desirable that the complementary strand should maintainits hybridized state with a target plus (+) strand even by washing undersuch conditions. Specifically, examples of such a complementary strandcan include a strand consisting of a nucleotide sequence in a completelycomplementary relationship with the nucleotide sequence of the targetplus strand, and a strand consisting of a nucleotide sequence having atleast 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90% or atleast 95%, for example, at least 98% or at least 99% identity to thestrand.

Other examples of the “stringent conditions” for the hybridization aredescribed in, for example, Sambrook, J. & Russel, D., Molecular Cloning,A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, published onJan. 15, 2001, Vol. 1, 7.42 to 7.45 and Vol. 2, 8.9 to 8.17, and can beused in the present invention.

Examples of the conditions for carrying out PCR using polynucleotidefragments in the kit of the present invention as primers includetreatment for approximately 15 seconds to 1 minute at 5 to 10° C. plus aTm value calculated from the sequences of the primers, using a PCRbuffer having composition such as 10 mM Tris-HCL (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCL,and 1 to 2 mM MgCl₂. Examples of the method for calculating such a Tmvalue include Tm value=2×(the number of adenine residues+the number ofthymine residues)+4×(the number of guanine residues+the number ofcytosine residues).

In the case of using the quantitative RT-PCR, a commercially availablekit for measurement specially designed for quantitatively measuringmiRNA, such as TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays (Life Technologies Corp.);LNA™-based MicroRNA PCR (Exiqon); or Ncode™ miRNA qRT-PCT kit(Invitrogen Corp.) may be used.

For the calculation of gene expression levels, statistical treatmentdescribed in, for example, Statistical analysis of gene expressionmicroarray data (Speed T., Chapman and Hall/CRC), and A beginner's guideMicroarray gene expression data analysis (Causton H. C. et al.,Blackwell publishing) can be used in the present invention, though thecalculation method is not limited thereto. For example, twice,preferably 3 times, more preferably 6 times the standard deviation ofthe measurement values of the blank spots are added to the averagemeasurement value of the blank spots on the DNA chip, and probe spotshaving a signal value equal to or larger than the resulting value can beregarded as detection spots. Alternatively, the average measurementvalue of the blank spots is regarded as a background and can besubtracted from the measurement values of the probe spots to determinegene expression levels. A missing value for a gene expression level canbe excluded from the analyte, preferably replaced with the smallestvalue of the gene expression level in each DNA chip, or more preferablyreplaced with a value obtained by subtracting 0.1 from a logarithmicvalue of the smallest value of the gene expression level. In order toeliminate low-signal genes, only a gene having a gene expression levelof 2⁶, preferably 2⁸, more preferably 2¹⁰ or larger in 20% or more,preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more of the number ofmeasurement samples can be selected as the analyte. Examples of thenormalization of the gene expression level include, but are not limitedto, global normalization and quantile normalization (Bolstad, B. M. etal., 2003, Bioinformatics, Vol. 19, p. 185-193).

The present invention also provides a method comprising measuring targetgenes or gene expression levels in a sample from a subject using thepolynucleotide, the kit, or the device (e.g., chip) for detection of thepresent invention, or a combination thereof, preparing a discriminant(discriminant function) with gene expression levels in a sample from anesophageal cancer patient and a sample from a healthy subject assupervising samples, and determining or evaluating the presence and/orabsence of the esophageal cancer-derived genes in the sample.

Specifically, the present invention further provides the methodcomprising: a first step of measuring in vitro expression levels oftarget genes (target nucleic acid) in multiple samples that were knownto be able to determine or evaluate the presence and/or absence of theesophageal cancer-derived gene in the samples, using thepolynucleotides, the kit, or the device (e.g., chip) for detection ofthe present invention, or a combination thereof; a second step ofconstructing a discriminant with the measurement values of theexpression levels of the target genes that was obtained in the firststep as supervising samples; a third step of measuring in vitroexpression levels of the target gene in a sample from a subject in thesame way as in the first step; and a fourth step of assigning themeasurement values of the expression levels of the target gene obtainedin the third step into the discriminant obtained in the second step, anddetermining or evaluating the presence or absence of the esophagealcancer-derived gene in the sample on the basis of the results obtainedfrom the discriminant, wherein the target gene can be detected using thepolynucleotide or using a polynucleotide for the detection, that wascontained in the polynucleotide, the kit or the device (e.g., chip). Inthis context, the discriminant can be prepared by use of Fisher'sdiscriminant analysis, nonlinear discriminant analysis based onMahalanobis' distance, neural network, Support Vector Machine (SVM), orthe like, though the method is not limited thereto.

When a clustering boundary is a straight line or a hyperplane, thelinear discriminant analysis is a method for determining the associationof a cluster using Formula 1 as a discriminant. In this formula, xrepresents an explanatory variable, w represents a coefficient of theexplanatory variable, and w0 represents a constant term.

$\begin{matrix}{{f(x)} = {w_{0} + {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{w_{i}x_{i}}}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 1}\end{matrix}$

Values obtained from the discriminant are referred to as discriminantscores. The measurement values of a newly offered data set can beassigned as explanatory variables to the discriminant to determineclusters by the signs of the discriminant scores.

The Fisher's discriminant analysis, one type of linear discriminantanalysis, is a dimensionality reduction method for selecting a dimensionsuitable for discriminating classes, and constructs a highlydiscriminating synthetic variable by focusing on the variance of thesynthetic variables and minimizing the variance of data having the samelabel (Venables, W. N. et al., Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourthedition. Springer, 2002). In the Fisher's discriminant analysis,direction w of projection is determined so as to maximize Formula 2. Inthis formula, μ represents an average input, n_(g) represents the numberof data associate with class g, and μ_(g) represents an average input ofthe data associate with class g. The numerator and the denominator arethe interclass variance and the intraclass variance, respectively, wheneach data is projected in the direction of the vector w. Discriminantcoefficient w_(i) is determined by maximizing this ratio (TakafumiKanamori et al., “Pattern Recognition”, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd.(2009); and Richard O. et al., Pattern Classification Second Edition,Wiley-Interscience, 2000).

$\begin{matrix}{{{J(w)} = \frac{\underset{g = 1}{\sum\limits^{G}}{{n_{g}( {{w^{T}\mu_{g}} - {w^{T}\mu}} )}( {{w^{T}\mu_{g}} - {w^{T}\mu}} )^{T}}}{\sum\limits_{g = 1}^{G}{\sum\limits_{{i:y_{i}} = g}{( {{w^{T}x_{i}} - {w^{T}\mu_{g}}} )( {{w^{T}x_{i}} - {w^{T}\mu_{g}}} )}}}}\mspace{14mu}{{{{subject}\mspace{14mu}{to}\mspace{14mu}\mu} = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}}{n}}},{\mu_{g} = {\sum\limits_{{i:u_{i}} = g}^{n}\frac{x_{i}}{n_{g}}}}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2}\end{matrix}$

The Mahalanobis' distance is calculated according to Formula 3 inconsideration of data correlation and can be used as nonlineardiscriminant analysis for determining, a cluster in which a data pointbelongs to, based on a short Mahalanobis' distance from the data pointto that cluster. In this formula, μ|represents a central vector of eachcluster, and S⁻¹ represents an inverse matrix of the variance-covariancematrix of the cluster. The central vector is calculated from explanatoryvariable x, and an average vector, a median value vector, or the likecan be used.

$\begin{matrix}{{D( {x,\mu} )} = \{ {( {x - \mu} )^{t}{S^{- 1}( {x - \mu} )}} \}^{\frac{1}{2}}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 3}\end{matrix}$

SVM is a discriminant analysis method devised by V. Vapnik (The Natureof Statistical Leaning Theory, Springer, 1995). Particular data pointsof a data set having known classes are defined as explanatory variables,and classes are defined as objective variables. A boundary plane calledhyperplane for correctly classifying the data set into the known classesis determined, and a discriminant for data classification is determinedusing the boundary plane. Then, the measurement values of a newlyoffered data set can be assigned as explanatory variables to thediscriminant to determine classes. In this respect, the result of thediscriminant analysis may be classes, may be a probability of data to beclassified into correct classes, or may be the distance from thehyperplane. In SVM, a method of nonlinearly converting a feature vectorto a high dimension and performing linear discriminant analysis in thespace is known as a method for tackling nonlinear problems. Anexpression in which an inner product of two factors in a nonlinearlymapped space is expressed only by inputs in their original spaces iscalled kernel. Examples of the kernel can include a linear kernel, a RBF(Radial Basis Function) kernel, and a Gaussian kernel. While highlydimensional mapping is performed according to the kernel, the optimumdiscriminant, i.e., a discriminant, can be actually constructed by merecalculation according to the kernel, which avoids calculating featuresin the mapped space (e.g., Hideki Aso et al., Frontier of StatisticalScience 6 “Statistics of pattern recognition and learning—New conceptsand approaches”, Iwanami Shoten, Publishers (2004); Nello Cristianini etal., Introduction to SVM, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd. (2008)).

C-support vector classification (C-SVC), one type of SVM, comprisespreparing a hyperplane by supervising a data set with the explanatoryvariables of two groups and classifying an unknown data set into eitherof the groups (C. Cortes et al., 1995, Machine Learning, Vol. 20, p.273-297).

Exemplary calculation of the C-SVC discriminant that can be used in themethod of the present invention will be given below. First, all subjectsare divided into two groups, i.e., an esophageal cancer patient groupand a healthy subject group. For example, esophageal tissue examinationcan be used for each subject to be confirmed either as an esophagealcancer patient or as a healthy subject.

Next, a data set consisting of comprehensive gene expression levels ofserum-derived samples of the two divided groups (hereinafter, this dataset is referred to as a training cohort) is prepared, and a C-SVCdiscriminant is determined by using genes that were found to differclearly in their gene expression levels between the two groups asexplanatory variables and using this grouping as objective variables(e.g., −1 and +1). An optimizing objective function is represented byFormula 4 wherein e represents all input vectors, y represents anobjective variable, a represents a Lagrange's undetermined multipliervector, Q represents a positive definite matrix, and C represents aparameter for adjusting constrained conditions.

$\begin{matrix}{{{\min\limits_{a}{\frac{1}{2}a^{T}{Qa}}} - {e^{T}a\mspace{14mu}{subject}\mspace{14mu}{to}}}{{{y^{T}a} = 0},{0 \leq a_{i} \leq C},{i = 1},\ldots\mspace{14mu},l,}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 4}\end{matrix}$

Formula 5 is a finally obtained discriminant, and a group in which thedata point belongs to can be determined on the basis of the sign of avalue obtained according to the discriminant. In this formula, xrepresents a support vector, y represents a label indicating theassociation of a group, a represents the corresponding coefficient, brepresents a constant term, and K represents a kernel function.

$\begin{matrix}{{f(x)} = {{sgn}( {{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{l}{y_{i}a_{i}{K( {x_{i},x} )}}} + b} )}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 5}\end{matrix}$

For example, a RBF kernel defined by Formula 6 can be used as the kernelfunction. In this context, x represents a support vector, and yrepresents a kernel parameter for adjusting the complexity of thehyperplane.K(x _(i) ,x _(j))=exp(−r∥x _(i) −x _(j)∥²), r<0  Formula 6

In addition, an approach such as neural network, k-nearest neighboralgorithms, decision trees, or logistic regression analysis can beselected as a method for determining or evaluating the presence and/orabsence of expression of an esophageal cancer-derived target gene in asample from a subject, or for evaluating the expression level thereof bycomparison with a control from a healthy subject.

The method of the present invention can comprise, for example, thefollowing steps (a), (b), and (c):

(a) a step of measuring expression level(s) of target gene(s) in tissuescontaining esophageal cancer-derived genes from esophageal cancerpatients and/or samples already known to be tissues containing noesophageal cancer-derived gene(s) from healthy subjects, using thepolynucleotide, the kit, or the device (e.g., DNA chip) for detectionaccording to the present invention;

(b) a step of preparing the discriminants of Formulas 1 to 3, 5, and 6described above from the measurement values of the expression levelmeasured in the step (a); and

(c) a step of measuring an expression level of the target gene in asample from a subject using the polynucleotide, the kit, or the device(e.g., DNA chip) for diagnosis (detection) according to the presentinvention, assigning the obtained measurement value(s) into thediscriminants prepared in the step (b), and determining or evaluatingthe presence and/or absence of expression of the esophagealcancer-derived target gene in the sample, or evaluating the expressionlevel thereof by comparison with a healthy subject-derived control, onthe basis of the obtained results. In this context, in the discriminantsof Formulas 1 to 3, 5, and 6, x represents an explanatory variable andincludes a value obtained by measuring a polynucleotide selected fromthe polynucleotides described above in the Section 2 above, or afragment thereof. Specifically, the explanatory variable fordiscriminating an esophageal cancer patient from a healthy subjectaccording to the present invention is gene expression level(s) selectedfrom, for example, the following expression levels (1) to (3):

(1) gene expression level(s) in the serum of an esophageal cancerpatient or a healthy subject measured by any DNA comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any ofSEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 117 to 189, and 666 to 675 or a complementarysequence thereof,

(2) gene expression level(s) in the serum of an esophageal cancerpatient or a healthy subject measured by any DNA comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ IDNOs: 116 and 676 or a complementary sequence thereof, and

(3) gene expression level(s) in the serum of an esophageal cancerpatient or a healthy subject measured by any DNA comprising 15 or moreconsecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any ofSEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 or a complementary sequence thereof.

As described above, for the method for determining or evaluating thepresence and/or absence of esophageal cancer-derived gene(s) in a samplefrom a subject, the preparation of a discriminant requires adiscriminant prepared in a training cohort. For enhancing thediscrimination accuracy of the discriminant, it is necessary for thediscriminant to use genes that show clear difference between two groupsin the training cohort.

Each gene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant ispreferably determined as follows. First, comprehensive gene expressionlevels of an esophageal cancer patient group and comprehensive geneexpression levels of a healthy subject group, both of which are in atraining cohort, are used as a data set, the degree of difference in theexpression level of each gene between the two groups is determinedthrough the use of, for example, the P value of t test, which isparametric analysis, or the P value of Mann-Whitney's U test or Wilcoxontest, which is nonparametric analysis.

The gene can be regarded as being statistically significant when thecritical rate (significance level) as the P value obtained by the testis smaller than, for example, 5%, 1%, or 0.01%.

In order to correct an increased probability of type I error attributedto the repetition of a test, a method known in the art, for example,Bonferroni or Holm method, can be used for the correction (e.g., YasushiNagata et al., “Basics of statistical multiple comparison methods”,Scientist Press Co., Ltd. (2007)). As an example of the Bonferronicorrection, for example, the P value obtained by a test is multiplied bythe number of repetitions of the test, i.e., the number of genes used inthe analysis, and the obtained value can be compared with a desiredsignificance level to suppress a probability of causing type I error inthe whole test.

Instead of the statistical test, the absolute value (fold change) of anexpression ratio of a median value of each gene expression level betweengene expression levels of an esophageal cancer patient group and geneexpression levels of a healthy subject group may be calculated to selecta gene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant.Alternatively, ROC curves may be prepared using gene expression levelsof an esophageal cancer patient group and a healthy subject group, and agene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant can beselected on the basis of an AUROC value.

Next, a discriminant that can be calculated by various methods describedabove is prepared using any number of genes having large difference intheir gene expression levels determined here. Examples of the method forconstructing a discriminant that produces the largest discriminantaccuracy include a method of constructing a discriminant in everycombination of genes that satisfy the significance level being P value,and a method of repetitively evaluating a discriminant while increasingthe number of genes for use one by one in a descending order ofdifference in gene expression level (Furey T S. et al., 2000,Bioinformatics, Vol. 16, p. 906-14). A gene expression level of anotherindependent esophageal cancer patient or healthy subject is assigned asan explanatory variable to this discriminant to calculate discriminantSpecifically, the found gene set for diagnosis and the discriminantconstructed using the gene set for diagnosis can be evaluated in anindependent sample cohort to find a more universal gene set fordiagnosis capable of detecting esophageal cancer and a more universalmethod for discriminating esophageal cancer.

Split-sample method is preferably used for evaluating the discriminantperformance (generality). Specifically, a data set is divided into atraining cohort and genes in serum from a patient confirmed to benegative using CEA but finally found to have esophageal cancer bydetailed examination such as computed tomography using a contrastmedium, with genes expressed in serum from a patient having noesophageal cancer.

For example, the gene set for diagnosis is set to any combinationselected from one or two or more of the polynucleotides based on anucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115, 177 to189, and 666 to 675 or a complementary sequence thereof as describedabove; and optionally one or two or more of the polynucleotides based ona nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 676 or acomplementary sequence thereof, and optionally one or two or more of thepolynucleotides based on a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQID NOs: 190 to 214 or a complementary sequence thereof. Further, adiscriminant is constructed using expression levels of the gene set fordiagnosis in samples from class I esophageal cancer patients as a resultof tissue diagnosis and samples from class II healthy subjects as aresult of tissue diagnosis. As a result, the presence or absence ofesophageal cancer-derived genes in an unknown sample can be determinedwith 100% accuracy at the maximum by measuring expression levels of thegene set for diagnosis in an unknown sample.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described furtherspecifically with reference to Examples below. However, the scope of thepresent invention is not intended to be limited by these Examples.

Reference Example 1

<Collection of Samples from Esophageal Cancer Patient and HealthySubject>

Sera were collected using VENOJECT II vacuum blood collecting tubeVP-AS109K60 (Terumo Corp.) from 100 healthy subjects and 34 esophagealcancer patients (3 cases with stage IB, 1 case with stage IIA, 5 caseswith stage IIB, 4 cases with stage IIIA, 7 cases with stage IIIB, 2cases with stage IIIC, and 1 case with yp stage IA, 3 cases with ypstage IIA, 2 cases with yp stage IIB, 5 cases with yp stage IIIA, and 1case with yp stage IIIC as samples (yp) stage-classified by pathologicalexamination after treatment) with no primary cancer found other thanesophageal cancer after acquisition of informed consent, and used as atraining cohort. Likewise, sera were collected using VENOJECT II vacuumblood collecting tube VP-AS109K60 (Terumo Corp.) from 50 healthysubjects and 16 esophageal cancer patients (3 cases with stage IIA, 2cases with stage IIIA, 2 cases with stage IIIC, and 1 case with yp stage0, 1 case with yp stage IA, 2 cases with yp stage IIA, 2 cases with ypstage IIIA, 1 case with yp stage IIIB, 1 case with yp stage IIIC, and 1case with yp stage IV as samples (yp) stage-classified by pathologicalexamination after treatment) with no primary cancer found other thanesophageal cancer after acquisition of informed consent, and used as avalidation cohort.

<Extraction of Total RNA>

Total RNA was obtained from 300 μL of the serum sample obtained fromeach of 200 persons in total of 150 healthy subjects and 50 esophagealcancer patients included in the training cohort and the validationcohort, using a reagent for RNA extraction in 3D-Gene™ RNA extractionreagent from liquid sample kit (Toray Industries, Inc.) according to theprotocol provided by the manufacturer.

<Measurement of Gene Expression Level>

miRNAs in the total RNA obtained from the serum samples of each of 200persons in total of 150 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancerpatients included in the training cohort and the validation cohort werefluorescently labeled using 3D-Gene™ miRNA Labeling kit (TorayIndustries, Inc.) according to the protocol (ver 2.20) provided by themanufacturer. The oligo DNA chip used was 3D-Gene™ Human miRNA Oligochip (Toray Industries, Inc.) with attached probes having sequencescomplementary to 2,555 miRNAs among the miRNAs registered in miRBaseRelease 20. Hybridization between the miRNAs in the total RNA and theprobes on the DNA chip under stringent conditions and washing followingthe hybridization were performed according to the protocol provided bythe manufacturer. The DNA chip was scanned using 3D-Gene™ scanner (TorayIndustries, Inc.) to obtain images. Fluorescence intensity was digitizedusing 3D-Gene™ Extraction (Toray Industries, Inc.). The digitizedfluorescence intensity was converted to a logarithmic value having anucleotide of 2 and used as a gene expression level, from which a blankvalue was subtracted. A missing value was replaced with a value obtainedby subtracting 0.1 from a logarithmic value of the smallest value of thegene expression level in each DNA chip. As a result, the comprehensivegene expression levels of the miRNAs in the sera were obtained for the50 esophageal cancer patients and the 150 healthy subjects. Calculationand statistical analysis using the digitized gene expression levels ofthe miRNAs were carried out using R language 3.0.2 (R Development CoreTeam (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. RFoundation for Statistical Computing, URL http://www.R-project.org/.)and MASS package 7.3-30 (Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D. (2002) ModernApplied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York. ISBN0-387-95457-0).

Reference Example 2

<Collection of Samples of Cancers Other than Esophageal Cancer>

Serum was collected using VENOJECT II vacuum blood collecting tubeVP-AS109K60 (Terumo Corp.) from each of 69 pancreatic cancer patients,66 bile duct cancer patients, 30 colorectal cancer patients, 33 stomachcancer patients, 32 liver cancer patients, and 15 benignpancreaticobiliary disease patients confirmed to have no cancer in otherorgans after acquisition of informed consent, and used as a trainingcohort together with the samples of 34 esophageal cancer patients and103 healthy subjects of Reference Example 1.

Likewise, Sera were collected using VENOJECT II vacuum blood collectingtube VP-AS109K60 (Terumo Corp.) from each of 30 pancreatic cancerpatients, 33 bile duct cancer patients, 20 colorectal cancer patients,17 stomach cancer patients, 20 liver cancer patients, and 6 benignpancreaticobiliary disease patients confirmed to have no cancer in otherorgans after acquisition of informed consent, and used as a validationcohort together with the samples of 16 esophageal cancer patientsconfirmed to have no cancer in organs other than the esophagus and 47healthy subjects of Reference Example 1. Subsequent operations wereconducted in the same way as in Reference Example 1.

Example 1

<Selection of Gene Markers Using Samples of Training Cohort, and Methodfor Evaluating Esophageal Cancer Discriminant Performance of the SingleGene Marker Using the Validation Cohort>

In this Example, a gene marker for discriminating an esophageal cancerpatient from a healthy subject was selected from the training cohort andstudied in samples of the validation cohort independent of the trainingcohort, for a method for evaluating the esophageal cancer discriminantperformance of each selected gene marker alone.

Specifically, first, the miRNA expression levels of the training cohortand the validation cohort obtained in the preceding Reference Exampleswere combined and normalized by quantile normalization.

Next, genes for diagnosis were selected using the training cohort. Here,in order to acquire diagnostic markers with higher reliability, onlygenes having the expression level of 2⁶ or higher in 50% or more of thesamples in either of the esophageal cancer patient group of the trainingcohort or the healthy subject group of the training cohort wereselected. In order to further acquire statistically significant genesfor discriminating an esophageal cancer patient group from a healthysubject group, the P value obtained by two-tailed t-test assuming equalvariance as to each gene expression level was corrected by theBonferroni method, and genes that satisfied p<0.01 were acquired as genemarkers for use in explanatory variables of a discriminant. The resultis described in Table 2 mentioned later.

In this way, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1247-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p,hsa-miR-6857-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-8069,hsa-miR-4257, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-6825-5p,hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6791-5p,hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-6781-5p,hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-7845-5p, hsa-miR-4417,hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-1225-5p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-1225-3p,hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-4513,hsa-miR-6787-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-6765-3p,hsa-miR-5572, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-8063, hsa-miR-6780b-5p,hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-6741-5p,hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-7110-5p, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-1233-5p,hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-3937, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-7109-5p,hsa-miR-6088, hsa-miR-6782-5p, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-4454,hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-6756-5p,hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-6887-5p,hsa-miR-3679-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p,hsa-miR-939-5p, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-6749-5p,hsa-miR-1914-3p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4695-5p, hsa-miR-6848-5p,hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-642b-3p, hsa-miR-6746-5p, hsa-miR-3620-5p,hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-6732-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p,hsa-miR-3154, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-4734,hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-423-5p,hsa-miR-1249, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-887-3p, hsa-miR-4741,hsa-miR-6766-3p, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4706,hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-4632-5p, hsa-miR-3197, hsa-miR-6798-5p,hsa-miR-711, hsa-miR-6840-3p, hsa-miR-6763-5p, hsa-miR-6727-5p,hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-6824-5p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-1227-5p,hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-6737-5p,hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-4725-3p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-4675,hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-671-5p, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-6722-3p,hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4649-5p,hsa-miR-744-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-6870-5p,hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-6808-5p, hsa-miR-4728-5p, hsa-miR-937-5p,hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-1343-5p, hsa-miR-6822-5p,hsa-miR-6803-5p, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-128-2-5p, hsa-miR-4640-5p,hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3940-5p, hsa-miR-4281,hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4758-5p, hsa-miR-1915-5p, hsa-miR-5001-5p,hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6126, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4459,hsa-miR-1268a, hsa-miR-6752-5p, hsa-miR-6131, hsa-miR-6800-5p,hsa-miR-4532, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-6769a-5p,hsa-miR-4707-3p, hsa-miR-6765-5p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-4525,hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-6785-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p,hsa-miR-4697-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-6880-5p,hsa-miR-6802-5p, hsa-miR-6861-5p, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p,hsa-miR-6851-5p, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-4689,hsa-miR-4688, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-614, hsa-miR-1913and hsa-miR-16-5p genes, and polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189 related theretowere found.

Among them, genes newly found as markers for examining the presence orabsence of esophageal cancer are polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115 and 117 to 189.

A discriminant for determining the presence or absence of esophagealcancer was further prepared by Fisher's discriminant analysis with theexpression levels of these genes as indicators. Specifically, anypolynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any ofSEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189 found in the training cohort was apply for Formula2 above to construct a discriminant. Calculated accuracy, sensitivity,and specificity are shown in Table 3 mentioned later. In this respect, adiscriminant coefficient and a constant term are shown in Table 4.

In this context, for example, 42 polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10,13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 40, 41, 43, 55, 58, 61,63, 67, 68, 70, 76, 77, 80, 90, 92, 93, 95, 109, 116, 119, 122, 127 and150 were selected as markers capable of determining esophageal cancereven in any of 3 stage I samples included in the training cohort.

Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the validation cohort werecalculated using the discriminant thus prepared, and the discriminantperformance of the selected polynucleotides was validated usingindependent samples (Table 3). For example, the gene expression levelmeasurement value of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1was compared between the healthy subjects (100 persons) and theesophageal cancer patients (34 persons) in the training cohort. As aresult, the expression level measurement values were found to besignificantly lower in the esophageal cancer patient group than in thehealthy subject group (see the left diagram of FIG. 2 ). These resultswere also reproducible for the healthy subjects (50 persons) and theesophageal cancer patients (16 persons) in the validation cohort (seethe right diagram of FIG. 2 ). Likewise, the results obtained about theother polynucleotides shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 189 showed that theexpression level measurement values were significantly lower (−) orhigher (+) in the esophageal cancer patient group than in the healthysubject group (Table 2). These results were able to be validated in thevalidation cohort. For example, as for this nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the number of correctly or incorrectlyidentified samples in the detection of esophageal cancer in thevalidation cohort was calculated using the threshold (12.3) that was setin the training cohort and discriminated between the two groups. As aresult, 13 true positives, 48 true negatives, 2 false positives, and 3false negatives were obtained. From these values, 92.4% accuracy, 81.2%sensitivity, and 96% specificity were obtained as detection performance.In this way, the detection performance was calculated as to any of thepolynucleotides shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189, and described in Table 3.Likewise, 129 polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequencesrepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 130,131, 134, 139, 143, 151, 159, 173, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188 and 189 shownin Table 2 exhibited sensitivity of 81.2%, 87.5%, 93.8%, 100%, 87.5%,87.5%, 81.2%, 75%, 87.5%, 100%, 100%, 87.5%, 81.2%, 75%, 87.5%, 87.5%,81.2%, 93.8%, 93.8%, 81.2%, 100%, 87.5%, 68.8%, 87.5%, 81.2%, 75%,87.5%, 81.2%, 81.2%, 87.5%, 75%, 68.8%, 81.2%, 75%, 68.8%, 100%, 68.8%,87.5%, 87.5%, 81.2%, 68.8%, 75%, 75%, 87.5%, 68.8%, 62.5%, 93.8%, 75%,81.2%, 62.5%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 75%, 68.8%, 62.5%, 62.5%, 62.5%,68.8%, 68.8%, 68.8%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 81.2%, 56.2%, 50%, 68.8%, 75%,56.2%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 62.5%, 43.8%, 50%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 68.8%, 62.5%,62.5%, 68.8%, 56.2%, 43.8%, 62.5%, 56.2%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 75%, 56.2%,56.2%, 62.5%, 56.2%, 87.5%, 43.8%, 50%, 43.8%, 50%, 56.2%, 43.8%, 50%,43.8%, 68.8%, 62.5%, 56.2%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 62.5%, 56.2%,62.5%, 50%, 68.8%, 56.2%, 43.8%, 62.5%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 50%,56.2%, 43.8%, 43.8%, 75%, 62.5%, 43.8%, 50% and 62.5%, respectively, inthe validation cohort (Table 3). As seen from Comparative Examplementioned later, the existing marker SCC for esophageal cancer hadsensitivity of 37.5% in the validation cohort (Table 5-2), demonstratingthat the 129 polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequencesrepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 130,131, 134, 139, 143, 151, 159, 173, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188 and 189 candiscriminate, each alone, esophageal cancer in the validation cohortwith sensitivity beyond SCC.

Thus, these polynucleotides can detect even early esophageal cancer andcontribute to the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

Example 2

<Method for Evaluating Esophageal Cancer Discriminant Performance byCombination of Multiple Gene Markers Using Samples in the ValidationCohort>

In this Example, a method for evaluating esophageal cancer discriminantperformance by a combination of the gene markers selected in Example 1was studied. Specifically, Fisher's discriminant analysis was conductedas to 17,766 combinations of any two of the expression level measurementvalues of the newly found polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115 and 117 to 189 among thepolynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented bySEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189 selected in Example 1, to construct a discriminantfor determining the presence or absence of esophageal cancer. Next,accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the validation cohort werecalculated using the discriminant thus prepared, and the discriminantperformance of the selected polynucleotides was validated using theindependent samples.

For example, the gene expression level measurement values of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 werecompared between the healthy subjects (100 persons) and the esophagealcancer patients (34 persons) in the training cohort. As a result, avariance diagram that significantly separated the measurement values ofthe esophageal cancer patient group from those of the healthy subjectgroup was obtained (see the left diagram of FIG. 3 ). These results werealso reproducible for the healthy subjects (50 persons) and theesophageal cancer patients (16 persons) in the validation cohort (seethe right diagram of FIG. 3 ). Likewise, a variance diagram thatsignificantly separated the measurement values of the esophageal cancerpatient group from those of the healthy subject group was also obtainedas to the other combinations of any two of the gene expression levelmeasurement values of the newly found polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115 and 117 to 189.These results were able to be validated in the validation cohort. Asshown in FIG. 3 , for example, as for these nucleotide sequencesrepresented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, the number of samples thatwere correctly or incorrectly identified esophageal cancer wascalculated using the function (0=2.42x+y−21.17) that was set in thetraining cohort and discriminated between the two groups. As a result,15 true positives, 49 true negatives, 1 false positive, and 1 falsenegative were obtained. From these values, 97% accuracy, 93.8%sensitivity, and 98% specificity were obtained as the detectionperformance. In this way, the detection performance was calculated forthe combinations of two of the polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189. Among them,188 combinations comprising the expression level measurement value ofthe polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented bySEQ ID NO: 1 and the detection performance thereof were described inTable 6 as an example. For example, any of combinations of theexpression level measurement values of the polynucleotides consisting ofthe nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 6, SEQ ID NOs:1 and 9, SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 13, and SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 14 exhibitedsensitivity of 100% in the validation cohort. Likewise, any of theremaining combinations of two polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and any of SEQ ID NOs:2 to 189 also exhibited sensitivity of 81% or higher, which was beyondthe sensitivity (37.5%) of the existing marker SCC for esophageal cancer(Table 5-2). The 17,096 combinations that showed sensitivity beyond SCCwere obtained for the validation cohort. All of the nucleotide sequences1 to 189 described in Table 2 obtained in Example 1 were employed atleast once in these combinations. Thus, a combination of the expressionlevel measurement values of two of the polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189 also producedexcellent esophageal cancer detection sensitivity.

Markers for the detection of esophageal cancer with better sensitivityare obtained by further combining 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more of theexpression level measurement values of the polynucleotides consisting ofthe nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189. Forexample, the newly found polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotidesequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115 and 117 to 189 among thepolynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented bySEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189 selected in Example 1 were measured to obtain theirexpression levels between the healthy subject group and the esophagealcancer group in the validation cohort. All of the polynucleotides wereranked in the descending order of their P values based on the Student'st-test which indicates statistical significance of difference betweengroups (i.e., one having the lowest P value was ranked in the firstplace), and esophageal cancer detection sensitivity was evaluated usingcombinations of one or more polynucleotides to which the polynucleotideswere added one by one from the top to the bottom according to the rank.In short, the order in which the polynucleotides were combined in thisevaluation is in reverse in terms of SEQ ID Nos from SEQ ID NO: 189 toSEQ ID NOs: 188, 187, . . . shown in Table 2. As a result, thesensitivity in the validation cohort was 31.2% for 1 polynucleotide (SEQID NO: 189), 56.2% for 2 polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 188 and 189),75.0% for 3 polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 187 to 189), 93.8% for 5polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 185 to 189), 100% for 11 polynucleotides(SEQ ID NOs: 179 to 189), 100% for 30 polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 160to 189), 100% for 50 polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 140 to 189), 100% for100 polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 89 to 115 and 117 to 189), 100% for 150polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 39 to 115 and 117 to 189), and 100% for 189polynucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 115 and 117 to 189).

These results demonstrated that a combination of multiplepolynucleotides can produce higher esophageal cancer discriminantperformance than that of each polynucleotide alone or a combination of afewer number of polynucleotides. In this context, the combinations ofmultiple polynucleotides are not limited to the combinations of thepolynucleotides added in the order of statistically significantdifference as described above, and any combination of multiplepolynucleotides can be used in the detection of esophageal cancer.

From these results, it can be concluded that all of the polynucleotidesconsisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to189 serve as excellent markers for the detection of esophageal cancer.

TABLE 2 Expression level in P value after esophageal cancer SEQ IDBonferroni patient relative to NO: Gene name correction healthy subject 1 hsa-miR-204-3p 3.17E−32 −  2 hsa-miR-1247-3p 5.11E−32 +  3hsa-miR-6875-5p 5.55E−29 +  4 hsa-miR-6857-5p 3.05E−27 +  5hsa-miR-6726-5p 2.44E−26 −  6 hsa-miR-3188 1.00E−24 +  7 hsa-miR-80691.45E−24 +  8 hsa-miR-4257 2.73E−23 −  9 hsa-miR-1343-3p 4.31E−23 −  10hsa-miR-7108-5p 4.94E−23 +  11 hsa-miR-6825-5p 5.79E−23 +  12hsa-miR-7641 7.55E−23 −  13 hsa-miR-3185 7.72E−22 +  14 hsa-miR-4746-3p1.19E−21 +  15 hsa-miR-6791-5p 7.82E−21 +  16 hsa-miR-6893-5p 7.89E−21 − 17 hsa-miR-4433b-3p 8.03E−21 +  18 hsa-miR-3135b 1.34E−20 −  19hsa-miR-6781-5p 2.01E−20 +  20 hsa-miR-1908-5p 2.19E−20 +  21hsa-miR-4792 2.39E−20 +  22 hsa-miR-7845-5p 3.30E−20 +  23 hsa-miR-44177.21E−20 +  24 hsa-miR-3184-5p 1.29E−19 +  25 hsa-miR-1225-5p 1.55E−19 + 26 hsa-miR-1231 3.51E−19 +  27 hsa-miR-1225-3p 3.85E−19 +  28hsa-miR-150-3p 6.30E−19 −  29 hsa-miR-4433-3p 7.27E−19 +  30hsa-miR-6125 2.07E−18 +  31 hsa-miR-4513 2.51E−18 −  32 hsa-miR-6787-5p2.87E−18 −  33 hsa-miR-6784-5p 3.57E−18 +  34 hsa-miR-615-5p 8.70E−18 − 35 hsa-miR-6765-3p 1.34E−17 −  36 hsa-miR-5572 1.62E−17 +  37hsa-miR-6842-5p 2.45E−17 +  38 hsa-miR-8063 2.69E−17 −  39hsa-miR-6780b-5p 3.33E−17 +  40 hsa-miR-187-5p 9.41E−17 −  41hsa-miR-128-1-5p 9.79E−17 +  42 hsa-miR-6729-5p 1.08E−16 +  43hsa-miR-6741-5p 9.63E−16 −  44 hsa-miR-6757-5p 1.95E−15 −  45hsa-miR-7110-5p 2.20E−15 +  46 hsa-miR-7975 2.43E−15 −  47hsa-miR-1233-5p 2.66E−15 −  48 hsa-miR-6845-5p 3.62E−15 +  49hsa-miR-3937 1.05E−14 +  50 hsa-miR-4467 1.31E−14 +  51 hsa-miR-7109-5p1.80E−14 −  52 hsa-miR-6088 1.95E−14 −  53 hsa-miR-6782-5p 2.52E−14 + 54 hsa-miR-5195-3p 2.64E−14 −  55 hsa-miR-4454 3.79E−14 −  56hsa-miR-6724-5p 5.19E−14 +  57 hsa-miR-8072 6.32E−14 +  58 hsa-miR-45161.64E−13 −  59 hsa-miR-6756-5p 2.32E−13 −  60 hsa-miR-4665-3p 2.91E−13 + 61 hsa-miR-6826-5p 4.31E−13 −  62 hsa-miR-6820-5p 6.77E−13 −  63hsa-miR-6887-5p 9.53E−13 −  64 hsa-miR-3679-5p 1.05E−12 +  65hsa-miR-7847-3p 1.11E−12 −  66 hsa-miR-6721-5p 1.24E−12 +  67hsa-miR-3622a-5p 2.38E−12 −  68 hsa-miR-939-5p 2.39E−12 +  69hsa-miR-602 3.03E−12 +  70 hsa-miR-7977 5.99E−12 −  71 hsa-miR-6749-5p8.45E−12 −  72 hsa-miR-1914-3p 8.68E−12 −  73 hsa-miR-4651 9.05E−12 − 74 hsa-miR-4695-5p 9.79E−12 +  75 hsa-miR-6848-5p 1.17E−11 +  76hsa-miR-1228-3p 1.56E−11 +  77 hsa-miR-642b-3p 1.71E−11 −  78hsa-miR-6746-5p 2.34E−11 −  79 hsa-miR-3620-5p 2.79E−11 +  80hsa-miR-3131 2.99E−11 −  81 hsa-miR-6732-5p 3.68E−11 +  82hsa-miR-7113-3p 5.38E−11 +  83 hsa-miR-23a-3p 5.53E−11 −  84hsa-miR-3154 6.89E−11 +  85 hsa-miR-4723-5p 9.65E−11 −  86hsa-miR-3663-3p 3.45E−10 −  87 hsa-miR-4734 3.66E−10 +  88hsa-miR-6816-5p 4.49E−10 +  89 hsa-miR-4442 5.02E−10 −  90 hsa-miR-44765.16E−10 −  91 hsa-miR-423-5p 6.10E−10 −  92 hsa-miR-1249 6.19E−10 +  93hsa-miR-6515-3p 6.91E−10 +  94 hsa-miR-887-3p 7.28E−10 +  95hsa-miR-4741 9.08E−10 +  96 hsa-miR-6766-3p 1.13E−09 +  97 hsa-miR-46732.76E−09 +  98 hsa-miR-6779-5p 2.82E−09 −  99 hsa-miR-4706 3.75E−09 −100 hsa-miR-1268b 5.40E−09 + 101 hsa-miR-4632-5p 5.60E−09 + 102hsa-miR-3197 6.35E−09 + 103 hsa-miR-6798-5p 9.47E−09 + 104 hsa-miR-7119.91E−09 + 105 hsa-miR-6840-3p 1.16E−08 − 106 hsa-miR-6763-5p 1.21E−08 +107 hsa-miR-6727-5p 1.25E−08 − 108 hsa-miR-371a-5p 1.88E−08 − 109hsa-miR-6824-5p 2.00E−08 + 110 hsa-miR-4648 2.81E−08 + 111hsa-miR-1227-5p 2.85E−08 + 112 hsa-miR-564 5.06E−08 − 113hsa-miR-3679-3p 5.14E−08 + 114 hsa-miR-2861 6.22E−08 − 115hsa-miR-6737-5p 6.48E−08 + 116 hsa-miR-575 1.06E−07 − 117hsa-miR-4725-3p 1.31E−07 + 118 hsa-miR-6716-5p 1.39E−07 + 119hsa-miR-4675 1.85E−07 − 120 hsa-miR-1915-3p 1.89E−07 + 121hsa-miR-671-5p 1.89E−07 − 122 hsa-miR-3656 2.14E−07 + 123hsa-miR-6722-3p 2.15E−07 + 124 hsa-miR-4707-5p 2.32E−07 + 125hsa-miR-4449 2.73E−07 + 126 hsa-miR-1202 4.73E−07 − 127 hsa-miR-4649-5p1.23E−06 − 128 hsa-miR-744-5p 1.53E−06 + 129 hsa-miR-642a-3p 1.70E−06 −130 hsa-miR-451a 2.39E−06 − 131 hsa-miR-6870-5p 2.74E−06 + 132hsa-miR-4443 3.08E−06 + 133 hsa-miR-6808-5p 3.57E−06 + 134hsa-miR-4728-5p 4.15E−06 − 135 hsa-miR-937-5p 4.83E−06 − 136hsa-miR-135a-3p 7.39E−06 + 137 hsa-miR-663b 8.35E−06 − 138hsa-miR-1343-5p 9.72E−06 + 139 hsa-miR-6822-5p 1.03E−05 + 140hsa-miR-6803-5p 1.05E−05 + 141 hsa-miR-6805-3p 1.86E−05 + 142hsa-miR-128-2-5p 2.08E−05 − 143 hsa-miR-4640-5p 2.71E−05 + 144hsa-miR-1469 2.75E−05 + 145 hsa-miR-92a-2-5p 3.53E−05 + 146hsa-miR-3940-5p 4.11E−05 + 147 hsa-miR-4281 4.74E−05 − 148 hsa-miR-1260b7.11E−05 − 149 hsa-miR-4758-5p 7.66E−05 − 150 hsa-miR-1915-5p 7.76E−05 −151 hsa-miR-5001-5p 9.17E−05 − 152 hsa-miR-4286 1.58E−04 − 153hsa-miR-6126 1.61E−04 + 154 hsa-miR-6789-5p 1.64E−04 + 155 hsa-miR-44592.00E−04 + 156 hsa-miR-1268a 2.18E−04 + 157 hsa-miR-6752-5p 2.64E−04 +158 hsa-miR-6131 2.95E−04 − 159 hsa-miR-6800-5p 3.49E−04 + 160hsa-miR-4532 4.53E−04 − 161 hsa-miR-6872-3p 5.66E−04 − 162 hsa-miR-7186.77E−04 + 163 hsa-miR-6769a-5p 7.66E−04 − 164 hsa-miR-4707-3p7.90E−04 + 165 hsa-miR-6765-5p 8.10E−04 + 166 hsa-miR-4739 1.05E−03 +167 hsa-miR-4525 1.09E−03 − 168 hsa-miR-4270 1.26E−03 − 169 hsa-miR-45341.51E−03 − 170 hsa-miR-6785-5p 1.53E−03 − 171 hsa-miR-6850-5p 1.54E−03 +172 hsa-miR-4697-5p 1.57E−03 − 173 hsa-miR-1260a 1.69E−03 − 174hsa-miR-4486 1.83E−03 + 175 hsa-miR-6880-5p 2.43E−03 + 176hsa-miR-6802-5p 2.70E−03 − 177 hsa-miR-6861-5p 3.25E−03 − 178hsa-miR-92b-5p 4.09E−03 + 179 hsa-miR-1238-5p 4.13E−03 + 180hsa-miR-6851-5p 4.42E−03 + 181 hsa-miR-7704 5.64E−03 − 182hsa-miR-149-3p 5.75E−03 − 183 hsa-miR-4689 6.06E−03 − 184 hsa-miR-46889.69E−03 − 185 hsa-miR-125a-3p 2.00E−28 − 186 hsa-miR-23b-3p 7.47E−11 −187 hsa-miR-614 1.25E−08 − 188 hsa-miR-1913 4.37E−08 + 189 hsa-miR-16-5p3.26E−04 −

TABLE 3 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 1 94 79.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 2 96.3 91.2 98 93.9 87.5 96 3 95.591.2 97 90.9 93.8 90 4 94 94.1 94 97 100 96 5 91 73.5 97 92.4 87.5 94 694 88.2 96 95.5 87.5 98 7 91.8 82.4 95 92.4 81.2 96 8 91.8 76.5 97 89.475 94 9 93.3 88.2 95 93.9 87.5 96 10 91 79.4 95 92.4 100 90 11 88.8 82.491 93.9 100 92 12 89.6 79.4 93 93.9 87.5 96 13 92.5 88.2 94 92.4 81.2 9614 92.5 88.2 94 90.9 75 96 15 90.3 88.2 91 95.5 87.5 98 16 91.8 73.5 9893.9 87.5 96 17 90.3 79.4 94 83.3 81.2 84 18 97 97.1 97 97 93.8 98 1991.8 73.5 98 92.4 93.8 92 20 91 85.3 93 90.9 81.2 94 21 91.8 85.3 9498.5 100 98 22 94 85.3 97 90.9 87.5 92 23 92.5 79.4 97 87.9 68.8 94 2491.8 88.2 93 92.4 87.5 94 25 93.3 85.3 96 90.9 81.2 94 26 89.6 76.5 9487.9 75 92 27 93.3 85.3 96 97 87.5 100 28 88.8 76.5 93 86.4 81.2 88 2988.1 82.4 90 89.4 81.2 92 30 93.3 91.2 94 93.9 87.5 96 31 88.8 67.6 9690.9 75 96 32 91 76.5 96 87.9 68.8 94 33 86.6 79.4 89 86.4 81.2 88 3490.3 76.5 95 92.4 75 98 35 89.6 70.6 96 89.4 68.8 96 36 87.3 82.4 8992.4 100 90 37 89.6 73.5 95 89.4 68.8 96 38 86.6 76.5 90 92.4 87.5 94 3988.1 67.6 95 97 87.5 100 40 89.6 82.4 92 92.4 81.2 96 41 88.1 76.5 9281.8 68.8 86 42 89.6 64.7 98 92.4 75 98 43 91 73.5 97 87.9 75 92 44 85.870.6 91 97 87.5 100 45 84.3 64.7 91 84.8 68.8 90 46 88.1 64.7 96 84.862.5 92 47 88.1 67.6 95 93.9 93.8 94 48 88.1 64.7 96 86.4 75 90 49 87.367.6 94 92.4 81.2 96 50 83.6 73.5 87 87.9 62.5 96 51 83.6 64.7 90 81.856.2 90 52 83.6 61.8 91 83.3 56.2 92 53 88.8 73.5 94 84.8 56.2 94 5489.6 76.5 94 90.9 75 96 55 86.6 67.6 93 87.9 68.8 94 56 87.3 73.5 9281.8 62.5 88 57 88.1 64.7 96 80.3 62.5 86 58 88.1 64.7 96 87.9 62.5 9659 89.6 70.6 96 81.8 68.8 86 60 87.3 70.6 93 83.3 68.8 88 61 85.1 58.894 92.4 68.8 100 62 91 69.7 98 81.8 56.2 90 63 85.1 58.8 94 84.8 56.2 9464 84.3 58.8 93 86.4 56.2 96 65 81.3 55.9 90 87.9 81.2 90 66 84.3 67.690 77.3 56.2 84 67 86.6 55.9 97 84.8 50 96 68 79.1 61.8 85 83.3 68.8 8869 84.3 58.8 93 89.4 75 94 70 85.8 52.9 97 84.8 56.2 94 71 83.6 61.8 9186.4 56.2 96 72 85.1 61.8 93 80.3 56.2 88 73 84.3 50 96 89.4 62.5 98 7479.9 52.9 89 81.8 43.8 94 75 84.3 58.8 93 78.8 50 88 76 86.6 64.7 9481.8 56.2 90 77 85.1 58.8 94 87.9 56.2 98 78 81.3 55.9 90 86.4 68.8 9279 84.3 58.8 93 84.8 62.5 92 80 82.8 55.9 92 89.4 62.5 98 81 82.8 64.789 80.3 68.8 84 82 81.3 58.8 89 83.3 56.2 92 83 85.8 55.9 96 78.8 43.890 84 85.8 58.8 95 83.3 62.5 90 85 83.6 50 95 81.8 56.2 90 86 79.1 32.495 83.3 43.8 96 87 76.9 26.5 94 81.8 43.8 94 88 85.1 70.6 90 87.9 75 9289 81.3 52.9 91 83.3 56.2 92 90 85.8 52.9 97 84.8 56.2 94 91 83.6 58.892 71.2 31.2 84 92 80.5 41.2 93.9 83.3 62.5 90 93 79.1 38.2 93 75.8 56.282 94 79.1 50 89 87.9 87.5 88 95 85.1 55.9 95 81.8 43.8 94 96 85.8 58.895 80.3 50 90 97 85.8 55.9 96 83.3 43.8 96 98 76.9 38.2 90 86.4 50 98 9982.8 50 94 84.8 56.2 94 100 77.6 44.1 89 74.2 43.8 84 101 85.8 52.9 9786.4 50 98 102 85.8 64.7 93 81.8 43.8 94 103 80.6 52.9 90 80.3 68.8 84104 85.8 61.8 94 89.4 62.5 98 105 79.1 38.2 93 78.8 31.2 94 106 79.9 5090 83.3 56.2 92 107 83.6 55.9 93 84.8 43.8 98 108 79.9 44.1 92 72.7 31.286 109 84.3 47.1 97 83.3 43.8 96 110 79.1 41.2 92 89.4 56.2 100 111 79.938.2 94 75.8 31.2 90 112 85.1 50 97 87.9 56.2 98 113 82.1 47.1 94 83.362.5 90 114 80.6 44.1 93 86.4 56.2 96 115 79.9 50 90 83.3 62.5 90 11688.1 55.9 99 84.8 50 96 117 82.8 61.8 90 86.4 68.8 92 118 82.1 47.1 9477.3 31.2 92 119 79.1 38.2 93 89.4 56.2 100 120 78.4 29.4 95 81.8 43.894 121 80.6 41.2 94 77.3 31.2 92 122 79.9 38.2 94 78.8 18.8 98 123 80.644.1 93 78.8 37.5 92 124 79.9 50 90 77.3 37.5 90 125 79.1 32.4 95 81.837.5 96 126 81.3 35.3 97 80.3 37.5 94 127 78.4 44.1 90 81.8 37.5 96 12880.6 38.2 95 83.3 37.5 98 129 74.6 26.5 91 72.7 18.8 90 130 84.3 47.1 9786.4 62.5 94 131 79.9 32.4 96 86.4 43.8 100 132 82.8 47.1 95 80.3 31.296 133 80.6 35.3 96 72.7 12.5 92 134 76.9 32.4 92 80.3 43.8 92 135 79.935.3 95 80.3 31.2 96 136 79.9 44.1 92 71.2 31.2 84 137 74.6 23.5 92 80.318.8 100 138 81.3 44.1 94 81.8 37.5 96 139 76.9 26.5 94 84.8 43.8 98 14076.9 35.3 91 69.7 25 84 141 76.9 35.3 91 80.3 31.2 96 142 79.1 29.4 9683.3 31.2 100 143 79.1 29.4 96 86.4 43.8 100 144 77.6 26.5 95 74.2 25 90145 78.4 32.4 94 78.8 37.5 92 146 76.9 29.4 93 77.3 31.2 92 147 75.423.5 93 78.8 25 96 148 81.3 38.2 96 80.3 37.5 94 149 82.8 38.2 98 78.818.8 98 150 79.1 29.4 96 78.8 31.2 94 151 80.6 38.2 95 81.8 50 92 15276.1 23.5 94 77.3 31.2 92 153 73.9 23.5 91 75.8 12.5 96 154 73.1 11.8 9475.8 31.2 90 155 81.3 38.2 96 80.3 25 98 156 73.1 26.5 89 71.2 31.2 84157 73.9 17.6 93 66.7 6.2 86 158 79.9 35.3 95 80.3 31.2 96 159 76.9 23.595 83.3 56.2 92 160 77.6 23.5 96 80.3 25 98 161 79.1 29.4 96 81.8 37.596 162 73.1 14.7 93 69.7 0 92 163 76.1 23.5 94 75.8 12.5 96 164 76.117.6 96 77.3 31.2 92 165 78.4 23.5 97 78.8 25 96 166 79.9 29.4 97 80.331.2 96 167 76.9 26.5 94 77.3 6.2 100 168 80.6 35.3 96 77.3 25 94 16977.6 23.5 96 69.7 6.2 90 170 79.1 29.4 96 83.1 26.7 100 171 81.3 38.2 9675.8 31.2 90 172 76.1 23.5 94 78.8 31.2 94 173 77.6 26.5 95 81.8 43.8 94174 76.1 20.6 95 81.8 31.2 98 175 80.6 29.4 98 78.8 18.8 98 176 79.926.5 98 80.3 25 98 177 79.9 29.4 97 81.8 31.2 98 178 73.1 11.8 94 78.818.8 98 179 76.1 17.6 96 77.3 12.5 98 180 73.1 8.8 95 78.8 12.5 100 18176.1 29.4 92 69.7 25 84 182 76.1 20.6 95 77.3 43.8 88 183 76.9 17.6 9778.8 12.5 100 184 77.6 20.6 97 81.8 31.2 98 185 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 75 100186 83.6 50 95 86.4 62.5 94 187 79.1 47.1 90 80.3 43.8 92 188 79.1 41.292 83.1 50 93.9 189 82.1 41.2 96 87.9 62.5 96

TABLE 4 SEQ ID Discriminant Constant NO: coefficient term  1 1.72821.253  2 4.247 27.391  3 4.025 37.004  4 1.997 11.064  5 3.142 30.220 6 3.455 21.479  7 7.377 95.667  8 2.889 18.733  9 2.480 18.013  104.837 44.847  11 2.182 14.705  12 1.260 8.443  13 2.577 18.611  14 2.99019.980  15 5.216 48.423  16 2.157 17.534  17 3.898 31.927  18 2.95922.467  19 5.747 60.613  20 4.475 52.095  21 2.037 14.005  22 3.20421.819  23 5.663 46.868  24 2.397 19.749  25 3.533 26.374  26 3.63724.242  27 3.134 17.788  28 2.259 14.444  29 3.890 28.987  30 5.51066.435  31 3.218 18.273  32 4.013 33.740  33 3.829 48.615  34 2.36814.866  35 1.648 13.802  36 2.478 16.783  37 3.608 21.816  38 2.70021.869  39 3.045 27.546  40 2.276 22.213  41 2.830 21.434  42 8.628108.988  43 4.284 28.951  44 2.953 20.892  45 1.831 14.542  46 2.05819.942  47 2.788 30.680  48 3.787 36.710  49 4.284 37.394  50 2.35123.417  51 5.582 40.862  52 3.374 33.771  53 3.304 20.643  54 3.09720.730  55 2.087 23.779  56 4.807 48.256  57 5.366 66.548  58 4.59060.012  59 5.385 44.281  60 4.425 25.890  61 2.238 13.151  62 3.06821.797  63 3.019 18.844  64 2.848 19.631  65 3.913 24.472  66 4.11031.289  67 2.450 13.850  68 2.535 19.310  69 3.143 20.245  70 2.05019.680  71 5.003 49.921  72 4.868 36.163  73 5.151 55.976  74 4.62834.855  75 4.911 36.605  76 4.102 25.952  77 2.468 22.972  78 3.62023.145  79 4.177 33.363  80 2.569 17.652  81 3.560 30.479  82 3.21918.791  83 1.409 7.771  84 4.626 27.715  85 2.981 26.017  86 4.07549.126  87 5.860 70.045  88 4.518 45.735  89 3.376 31.771  90 1.50410.293  91 2.408 17.120  92 3.741 22.446  93 4.216 28.494  94 2.43317.718  95 3.691 36.766  96 4.011 23.884  97 2.738 15.840  98 6.27944.218  99 3.821 29.214 100 3.138 31.313 101 4.137 33.060 102 3.18430.108 103 3.013 31.561 104 3.467 28.752 105 3.228 28.241 106 3.97927.890 107 6.059 77.100 108 3.680 26.849 109 4.631 30.402 110 1.3948.449 111 6.759 64.607 112 1.409 7.968 113 3.162 19.071 114 5.990 73.977115 5.334 38.106 116 1.456 8.354 117 4.005 39.314 118 3.960 26.029 1192.965 22.212 120 4.191 46.456 121 3.073 19.231 122 4.802 55.520 1236.630 56.690 124 4.376 32.100 125 3.860 25.003 126 2.820 18.115 1272.803 28.773 128 2.467 17.131 129 2.799 21.018 130 1.014 8.569 131 3.27924.306 132 2.463 15.756 133 5.281 36.256 134 4.856 33.829 135 4.12734.385 136 2.446 18.351 137 3.464 30.213 138 3.758 39.142 139 3.00217.723 140 6.638 74.011 141 2.417 18.061 142 2.771 29.864 143 4.04431.341 144 5.475 55.815 145 1.996 18.798 146 4.966 60.960 147 3.89745.041 148 2.189 18.504 149 5.725 48.947 150 1.479 9.192 151 4.00730.769 152 2.375 17.501 153 3.148 34.147 154 4.614 45.732 155 3.49628.749 156 3.223 36.168 157 3.880 43.759 158 2.161 22.836 159 4.24936.373 160 3.372 40.014 161 2.156 12.836 162 3.830 25.976 163 4.14826.395 164 3.013 19.353 165 4.848 51.132 166 3.658 41.969 167 2.80919.310 168 5.360 42.861 169 3.044 20.270 170 2.349 21.153 171 5.18258.972 172 4.905 38.453 173 2.327 16.003 174 2.883 20.522 175 2.04115.621 176 4.697 39.475 177 3.841 27.790 178 3.535 28.077 179 3.28321.183 180 4.096 26.607 181 7.491 103.673 182 5.921 55.473 183 3.24030.496 184 3.873 27.506 185 1.385 7.776 186 1.393 7.911 187 1.816 11.959188 3.362 20.857 189 1.031 6.129

TABLE 5-1 Training cohort Sample name Cancer stage CEA(ng/mL) SCC(ng/mL)EC03 IIIB 4 42.2 EC04 IIIB 3.1 1 EC05 IB 6.2 1.9 EC06 (yp) IIA 3.3 1EC07 IIB 0.7 1 EC09 IIB 2 14.7 EC10 (yp) IIB 1.6 0.9 EC12 IIB 3.3 1.2EC13 IIIB 1 6 EC15 IIIA 2.7 2.4 EC17 IIIC 4 2.1 EC18 IIIA 4.6 3.2 EC19IIIC 1.3 3.8 EC20 IIIB 2.5 1.5 EC23 (yp) IIIC 4 0.7 EC24 IIIB 5 1 EC25IIA

EC26 (yp) IIB 1.4 0.9 EC27 (yp) IIIA 4.8 2.1 EC29 (yp) IIIA 3.1 0.8 EC30IIIB 3.6 0.6 EC31 IB 4.7 0.9 EC32 (yp) IIIA 0.5 1.3 EC34 IIIA 3.6 0.7EC36 IIIA 4.1 1.2 EC38 (yp) IIA 2.3 3.4 EC40 IIB 6.6 1.6 EC41 (yp) IIIA14.2 1.3 EC42 IIB 5.2 1.2 EC45 (yp) IA 3.1 0.6 EC47 IIIB 2.9 1 EC48 IB 41.5 EC49 (yp) IIA 1.8 8 EC50 (yp) IIIA 1.7 1.2 Sensitivity 12.1% 36.4%

TABLE 5-2 Validation cohort Sample name Cancer stage CEA(ng/mL)SCC(ng/mL) EC01 (yp) IIA 1.6 1.3 EC02 IIA 1.3 2.4 EC08 IIIA 2.1 1.1 EC11(yp) IV 1.8 1 EC14 IIA 7.2 1.2 EC16 (yp) IIIA 6.3 0.9 EC21 IIA 3.2 2.4EC22 (yp) IIA 4.3 2.9 EC28 IIIA 1.6 0.1 EC33 (yp) IIIC 2.1 1.9 EC35 IIIC1.6 0.6 EC37 (yp) IIIA 2.1 1 EC39 (yp) IA 1.8 9.1 EC43 IIIC 6.6 1.3 EC44(yp) IIIB 2.2 11.2 EC46 (Yp) 0 0.7 0.6 Sensitivity 18.8% 37.5%Each sample that exhibited a value equal to or higher than the referencevalue of each tumor marker (for CEA: 5 ng/mL, SCC: 1.5 ng/mL) wasconfirmed to be positive (+), and each sample that exhibited a valueequal to or lower than the reference value was confirmed to be negative(−). The cancer stages were classified using samples collected beforetreatment, as a rule, except that samples stage-classified bypathological examination after treatment were represented by “yp”.

TABLE 6 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 1_2 98.5 94.1 100 98.5 93.8 100 1_3 96.3 88.2 99 92.4 87.5 941_4 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 93.8 94 1_5 95.5 88.2 98 93.9 87.5 96 1_6 95.582.4 100 98.5 100 98 1_7 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 93.8 94 1_8 99.3 97.1 10093.9 93.8 94 1_9 98.5 100 98 95.5 100 94 1_10 96.3 88.2 99 97 93.8 981_11 97 88.2 100 97 93.8 98 1_12 94.8 82.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_13 94 82.498 95.5 100 94 1_14 96.3 88.2 99 97 100 96 1_15 94 82.4 98 95.5 93.8 961_16 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_17 96.3 85.3 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_18 9788.2 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_19 96.3 85.3 100 95.5 93.8 96 1_20 96.3 88.2 9997 93.8 98 1_21 97 88.2 100 98.5 93.8 100 1_22 98.5 94.1 100 92.4 93.892 1_23 96.3 85.3 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_24 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_2595.5 82.4 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_26 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_27 95.5 85.399 95.5 93.8 96 1_28 93.3 76.5 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_29 94.8 79.4 100 92.487.5 94 1_30 97.8 91.2 100 95.5 93.8 96 1_31 95.5 85.3 99 92.4 87.5 941_32 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_33 95.5 82.4 100 89.4 87.5 90 1_34 97.891.2 100 97 87.5 100 1_35 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_36 94.8 82.4 9993.9 87.5 96 1_37 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_38 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 93.894 1_39 97.8 94.1 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_40 99.3 97.1 100 98.5 93.8 100 1_4194.8 82.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_42 94.8 85.3 98 95.5 87.5 98 1_43 94.8 85.398 93.9 93.8 94 1_44 97.8 91.2 100 97 93.8 98 1_45 95.5 85.3 99 92.487.5 94 1_46 95.5 82.4 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_47 97 88.2 100 93.9 87.5 961_48 95.5 82.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_49 94 79.4 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_50 95.585.3 99 92.4 93.8 92 1_51 95.5 82.4 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_52 95.5 82.4 10095.5 93.8 96 1_53 97 88.2 100 90.9 87.5 92 1_54 96.3 88.2 99 95.5 87.598 1_55 95.5 82.4 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_56 96.3 88.2 99 93.9 93.8 94 1_5795.5 85.3 99 89.4 93.8 88 1_58 97.8 94.1 99 97 100 96 1_59 96.3 85.3 10095.5 100 94 1_60 94.8 82.4 99 87.9 81.2 90 1_61 97.8 91.2 100 98.5 93.8100 1_62 95.5 84.8 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_63 96.3 88.2 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_6497 88.2 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_65 97 91.2 99 92.4 93.8 92 1_66 94 79.4 9990.9 87.5 92 1_67 94 79.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 1_68 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 941_69 96.3 85.3 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_70 94.8 79.4 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_7196.3 88.2 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_72 94.8 85.3 98 90.9 93.8 90 1_73 94.8 85.398 92.4 87.5 94 1_74 94.8 82.4 99 93.9 93.8 94 1_75 94 82.4 98 92.4 87.594 1_76 94 79.4 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_77 96.3 85.3 100 90.9 87.5 92 1_7895.5 85.3 99 93.9 93.8 94 1_79 94.8 79.4 100 89.4 87.5 90 1_80 96.3 85.3100 93.9 87.5 96 1_81 94 79.4 99 89.4 87.5 90 1_82 94.8 85.3 98 92.493.8 92 1_83 94 79.4 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_84 94.8 82.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_8596.3 85.3 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_86 96.3 88.2 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_87 95.5 82.4100 90.9 81.2 94 1_88 95.5 82.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_89 95.5 85.3 99 90.987.5 92 1_90 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_91 94.8 79.4 100 93.9 87.5 961_92 93.2 76.5 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_93 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_94 94.879.4 100 89.4 87.5 90 1_95 96.3 85.3 100 90.9 87.5 92 1_96 94 79.4 9992.4 81.2 96 1_97 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_98 95.5 82.4 100 95.593.8 96 1_99 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 93.8 94 1_100 94.8 79.4 100 92.4 87.5 941_101 95.5 85.3 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_102 95.5 82.4 100 92.4 93.8 92 1_10396.3 85.3 100 89.4 93.8 88 1_104 96.3 85.3 100 97 93.8 98 1_105 95.588.2 98 92.4 87.5 94 1_106 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_107 95.5 85.3 9990.9 81.2 94 1_108 95.5 85.3 99 89.4 93.8 88 1_109 96.3 85.3 100 93.987.5 96 1_110 94 79.4 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_111 94 79.4 99 90.9 81.2 941_112 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_113 93.3 79.4 98 93.9 87.5 96 1_114 9788.2 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_115 95.5 82.4 100 90.9 87.5 92 1_116 94 79.4 9992.4 81.2 96 1_117 94.8 82.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_118 94.8 82.4 99 93.987.5 96 1_119 95.5 85.3 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_120 94.8 82.4 99 95.5 93.8 961_121 94 79.4 99 90.9 87.5 92 1_122 94 79.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_123 94.879.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_124 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_125 94.8 82.4 9992.4 87.5 94 1_126 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_127 96.3 85.3 100 92.493.8 92 1_128 96.3 88.2 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_129 95.5 82.4 100 89.4 81.2 921_130 94 79.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_131 94 79.4 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_132 95.582.4 100 93.9 93.8 94 1_133 94 79.4 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_134 97 91.2 9993.9 87.5 96 1_135 94.8 82.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_136 95.5 82.4 100 95.587.5 98 1_137 97.8 91.2 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_138 96.3 85.3 100 97 93.8 981_139 95.5 82.4 100 90.9 81.2 94 1_140 94 79.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 1_14194.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_142 95.5 85.3 99 90.9 87.5 92 1_143 95.582.4 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_144 94 79.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 1_145 94.8 82.4 9995.5 87.5 98 1_146 94 79.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_147 95.5 85.3 99 93.9 93.894 1_148 94.8 79.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_149 94 79.4 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_15096.3 85.3 100 90.9 81.2 94 1_151 95.5 82.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_152 93.379.4 98 93.9 87.5 96 1_153 96.3 88.2 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_154 94.8 82.4 9989.4 81.2 92 1_155 97 88.2 100 98.5 93.8 100 1_156 94 79.4 99 90.9 81.294 1_157 93.3 79.4 98 90.9 87.5 92 1_158 94 82.4 98 95.5 87.5 98 1_15994.8 79.4 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_160 95.5 82.4 100 92.4 93.8 92 1_161 9479.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_162 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_163 94.8 82.4 9993.9 87.5 96 1_164 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_165 95.5 82.4 100 93.987.5 96 1_166 94.8 79.4 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_167 96.3 85.3 100 93.9 81.298 1_168 94.8 79.4 100 92.4 87.5 94 1_169 96.3 85.3 100 92.4 81.2 961_170 96.3 88.2 99 92.3 86.7 94 1_171 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 1_17295.5 85.3 99 95.5 87.5 98 1_173 94.8 79.4 100 92.4 81.2 96 1_174 95.585.3 99 95.5 93.8 96 1_175 95.5 82.4 100 90.9 81.2 94 1_176 94.8 82.4 9993.9 93.8 94 1_177 95.5 82.4 100 93.9 93.8 94 1_178 94 79.4 99 92.4 81.296 1_179 94 79.4 99 92.4 87.5 94 1_180 94.8 82.4 99 92.4 81.2 96 1_18194 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_182 94.8 85.3 98 92.4 87.5 94 1_183 94 79.4 9995.5 93.8 96 1_184 94.8 79.4 100 93.9 87.5 96 1_185 95.5 85.3 99 97 87.5100 1_186 94.8 79.4 100 95.5 87.5 98 1_187 94 79.4 99 93.9 87.5 96 1_18894 79.4 99 93.8 93.8 93.9 1_189 94.8 79.4 100 93.9 87.5 96

Example 3

<Selection of Gene Markers Using all Samples and Method for EvaluatingEsophageal Cancer Discriminant Performance of Acquired Gene Markers>

In this Example, the samples of the training cohort and the validationcohort used in Examples 1 and 2 were integrated, and selection of a genemarker and evaluation of its esophageal cancer discriminant performancewere conducted using any of the samples.

Specifically, the miRNA expression levels in the sera of the 50esophageal cancer patients and the 150 healthy subjects obtained in thepreceding Reference Examples were normalized by quantile normalization.In order to acquire diagnosis markers with higher reliability, onlygenes having a gene expression level of 2⁶ or higher in 50% or more ofthe samples in either of the esophageal cancer patient group or thehealthy subject group were selected in the gene marker selection. Inorder to further acquire statistical significance for discriminating anesophageal cancer patient group from a healthy subject group, the Pvalue obtained by two-tailed t-test assuming equal variance as to eachgene expression level was corrected by the Bonferroni method, and genesthat satisfied p<0.01 were selected as gene markers for use inexplanatory variables of a discriminant and described in Table 7. Inthis way, hsa-miR-675-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-4497,hsa-miR-296-3p, hsa-miR-6738-5p, hsa-miR-4731-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p,hsa-miR-6786-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4763-3p,hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-4667-5p, hsa-miR-6090,hsa-miR-4730, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-5698, hsa-miR-6087,hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-8059 and hsa-miR-6879-5p genes, and thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 relatedthereto were found in addition to the genes described in Table 2. Aswith the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189, the resultsobtained about the polynucleotides shown in the nucleotide sequences ofSEQ ID NOs: 190 to 214 also showed that the gene measurement values weresignificantly lower (−) or higher (+) in the esophageal cancer patientgroup than in the healthy subject group (Table 7). These results wereable to be validated in the validation cohort. Thus, the presence orabsence of esophageal cancer in the newly obtained samples can bedetermined by the methods described in Examples 1 and 2 by using thegene expression level measurement values described in Table 7 eitheralone or in combination with the gene expression level measurementvalues described in Table 2.

TABLE 7 Expression level in P value after esophageal cancer SEQ IDBonferroni patient relative to NO: Gene name correction healthy subject 1 hsa-miR-204-3p 8.14E−45 −  2 hsa-miR-1247-3p 1.36E−45 +  3hsa-miR-6875-5p 6.12E−37 +  4 hsa-miR-6857-5p 1.04E−39 +  5hsa-miR-6726-5p 7.48E−40 +  6 hsa-miR-3188 6.76E−39 −  7 hsa-miR-80691.65E−29 +  8 hsa-miR-4257 1.79E−35 −  9 hsa-miR-1343-3p 1.95E−36 +  10hsa-miR-7108-5p 1.78E−35 +  11 hsa-miR-6825-5p 4.35E−36 −  12hsa-miR-7641 1.73E−34 −  13 hsa-miR-3185 1.35E−33 +  14 hsa-miR-4746-3p4.69E−34 +  15 hsa-miR-6791-5p 5.41E−32 +  16 hsa-miR-6893-5p 6.65E−32 + 17 hsa-miR-4433b-3p 7.92E−29 +  18 hsa-miR-3135b 9.14E−25 −  19hsa-miR-6781-5p 1.02E−32 +  20 hsa-miR-1908-5p 1.06E−32 +  21hsa-miR-4792 7.47E−32 +  22 hsa-miR-7845-5p 6.13E−29 +  23 hsa-miR-44171.23E−29 +  24 hsa-miR-3184-5p 1.98E−30 +  25 hsa-miR-1225-5p 1.13E−30 + 26 hsa-miR-1231 1.73E−26 +  27 hsa-miR-1225-3p 4.81E−30 +  28hsa-miR-150-3p 9.61E−24 +  29 hsa-miR-4433-3p 1.64E−27 +  30hsa-miR-6125 7.40E−28 +  31 hsa-miR-4513 1.69E−23 +  32 hsa-miR-6787-5p3.22E−27 −  33 hsa-miR-6784-5p 4.73E−27 +  34 hsa-miR-615-5p 9.34E−26 − 35 hsa-miR-6765-3p 7.95E−27 +  36 hsa-miR-5572 1.59E−27 −  37hsa-miR-6842-5p 2.94E−27 −  38 hsa-miR-8063 1.48E−26 +  39hsa-miR-6780b-5p 3.59E−29 −  40 hsa-miR-187-5p 8.52E−25 −  41hsa-miR-128-1-5p 5.67E−21 −  42 hsa-miR-6729-5p 1.04E−26 −  43hsa-miR-6741-5p 7.62E−23 +  44 hsa-miR-6757-5p 1.84E−26 +  45hsa-miR-7110-5p 1.82E−24 +  46 hsa-miR-7975 8.82E−24 −  47hsa-miR-1233-5p 1.28E−26 −  48 hsa-miR-6845-5p 3.06E−24 −  49hsa-miR-3937 7.00E−24 −  50 hsa-miR-4467 5.02E−23 +  51 hsa-miR-7109-5p2.70E−17 −  52 hsa-miR-6088 3.91E−22 −  53 hsa-miR-6782-5p 1.72E−19 − 54 hsa-miR-5195-3p 8.97E−24 −  55 hsa-miR-4454 9.04E−23 +  56hsa-miR-6724-5p 5.74E−19 −  57 hsa-miR-8072 6.96E−19 +  58 hsa-miR-45166.08E−22 −  59 hsa-miR-6756-5p 5.52E−19 −  60 hsa-miR-4665-3p 3.30E−20 − 61 hsa-miR-6826-5p 2.65E−21 +  62 hsa-miR-6820-5p 1.83E−18 +  63hsa-miR-6887-5p 7.93E−19 −  64 hsa-miR-3679-5p 1.14E−21 −  65hsa-miR-7847-3p 2.20E−20 −  66 hsa-miR-6721-5p 3.96E−16 +  67hsa-miR-3622a-5p 1.78E−18 +  68 hsa-miR-939-5p 1.12E−17 −  69hsa-miR-602 9.30E−19 +  70 hsa-miR-7977 4.08E−19 −  71 hsa-miR-6749-5p2.11E−19 −  72 hsa-miR-1914-3p 3.49E−15 −  73 hsa-miR-4651 9.97E−21 − 74 hsa-miR-4695-5p 1.01E−17 +  75 hsa-miR-6848-5p 1.96E−16 +  76hsa-miR-1228-3p 1.45E−17 +  77 hsa-miR-642b-3p 3.30E−17 +  78hsa-miR-6746-5p 2.40E−18 −  79 hsa-miR-3620-5p 3.16E−15 +  80hsa-miR-3131 1.67E−20 −  81 hsa-miR-6732-5p 3.23E−17 +  82hsa-miR-7113-3p 6.47E−18 +  83 hsa-miR-23a-3p 1.75E−15 +  84hsa-miR-3154 3.86E−14 +  85 hsa-miR-4723-5p 4.11E−15 −  86hsa-miR-3663-3p 6.62E−16 −  87 hsa-miR-4734 9.47E−16 +  88hsa-miR-6816-5p 1.28E−16 −  89 hsa-miR-4442 9.49E−16 +  90 hsa-miR-44769.75E−16 −  91 hsa-miR-423-5p 6.53E−13 +  92 hsa-miR-1249 3.05E−15 −  93hsa-miR-6515-3p 9.05E−12 −  94 hsa-miR-887-3p 1.74E−15 +  95hsa-miR-4741 9.67E−16 +  96 hsa-miR-6766-3p 2.28E−14 −  97 hsa-miR-46732.15E−14 −  98 hsa-miR-6779-5p 3.15E−13 +  99 hsa-miR-4706 8.59E−16 +100 hsa-miR-1268b 1.75E−14 + 101 hsa-miR-4632-5p 4.72E−14 − 102hsa-miR-3197 6.20E−15 + 103 hsa-miR-6798-5p 1.13E−12 + 104 hsa-miR-7111.63E−16 − 105 hsa-miR-6840-3p 1.79E−12 + 106 hsa-miR-6763-5p 1.13E−12 +107 hsa-miR-6727-5p 1.88E−15 + 108 hsa-miR-371a-5p 5.18E−12 + 109hsa-miR-6824-5p 1.52E−13 + 110 hsa-miR-4648 8.82E−15 − 111hsa-miR-1227-5p 3.56E−11 − 112 hsa-miR-564 4.80E−13 − 113hsa-miR-3679-3p 1.57E−12 − 114 hsa-miR-2861 7.34E−13 + 115hsa-miR-6737-5p 5.72E−09 + 116 hsa-miR-575 2.07E−11 − 117hsa-miR-4725-3p 1.06E−13 + 118 hsa-miR-6716-5p 2.52E−11 + 119hsa-miR-4675 2.03E−14 − 120 hsa-miR-1915-3p 1.35E−13 + 121hsa-miR-671-5p 1.87E−11 + 122 hsa-miR-3656 7.58E−11 − 123hsa-miR-6722-3p 9.17E−11 + 124 hsa-miR-4707-5p 1.41E−12 − 125hsa-miR-4449 4.22E−12 + 126 hsa-miR-1202 1.28E−12 − 127 hsa-miR-4649-5p8.69E−11 − 128 hsa-miR-744-5p 9.90E−11 − 129 hsa-miR-642a-3p 1.42E−09 +130 hsa-miR-451a 3.46E−12 + 131 hsa-miR-6870-5p 2.08E−12 + 132hsa-miR-4443 5.77E−08 − 133 hsa-miR-6808-5p 9.18E−07 + 134hsa-miR-4728-5p 2.27E−11 + 135 hsa-miR-937-5p 1.97E−08 + 136hsa-miR-135a-3p 1.01E−07 + 137 hsa-miR-663b 1.89E−09 + 138hsa-miR-1343-5p 1.68E−10 + 139 hsa-miR-6822-5p 2.82E−09 − 140hsa-miR-6803-5p 8.05E−07 − 141 hsa-miR-6805-3p 6.65E−10 − 142hsa-miR-128-2-5p 8.46E−10 + 143 hsa-miR-4640-5p 1.16E−10 + 144hsa-miR-1469 2.15E−07 + 145 hsa-miR-92a-2-5p 4.30E−10 − 146hsa-miR-3940-5p 2.18E−07 − 147 hsa-miR-4281 2.04E−08 − 148 hsa-miR-1260b1.61E−08 − 149 hsa-miR-4758-5p 3.25E−08 − 150 hsa-miR-1915-5p 1.01E−07 +151 hsa-miR-5001-5p 1.96E−08 − 152 hsa-miR-4286 4.72E−07 + 153hsa-miR-6126 3.16E−09 + 154 hsa-miR-6789-5p 8.38E−08 − 155 hsa-miR-44593.24E−08 − 156 hsa-miR-1268a 5.97E−07 + 157 hsa-miR-6752-5p 5.95E−06 −158 hsa-miR-6131 1.52E−07 + 159 hsa-miR-6800-5p 1.75E−07 + 160hsa-miR-4532 2.82E−05 + 161 hsa-miR-6872-3p 5.54E−07 − 162 hsa-miR-7183.56E−05 − 163 hsa-miR-6769a-5p 2.25E−06 − 164 hsa-miR-4707-3p 5.95E−07− 165 hsa-miR-6765-5p 6.88E−07 − 166 hsa-miR-4739 5.13E−06 + 167hsa-miR-4525 1.01E−06 + 168 hsa-miR-4270 2.71E−05 + 169 hsa-miR-45340.000121 − 170 hsa-miR-6785-5p 1.06E−06 + 171 hsa-miR-6850-5p 6.01E−05 +172 hsa-miR-4697-5p 9.68E−08 + 173 hsa-miR-1260a 7.59E−07 − 174hsa-miR-4486 6.56E−06 − 175 hsa-miR-6880-5p 8.38E−07 − 176hsa-miR-6802-5p 4.43E−06 − 177 hsa-miR-6861-5p 4.72E−06 − 178hsa-miR-92b-5p 5.54E−05 + 179 hsa-miR-1238-5p 1.21E−05 + 180hsa-miR-6851-5p 6.80E−06 + 182 hsa-miR-149-3p 4.63E−07 − 183hsa-miR-4689 6.67E−06 + 184 hsa-miR-4688 4.38E−07 + 185 hsa-miR-125a-3p7.44E−39 − 186 hsa-miR-23b-3p 4.37E−18 − 187 hsa-miR-614 3.43E−14 + 188hsa-miR-1913 2.99E−12 + 189 hsa-miR-16-5p 1.45E−08 + 190 hsa-miR-675-5p5.72E−07 − 191 hsa-miR-486-3p 2.23E−04 − 192 hsa-miR-6777-5p 3.28E−04 −193 hsa-miR-4497 3.90E−04 − 194 hsa-miR-296-3p 4.06E−04 − 195hsa-miR-6738-5p 4.53E−04 − 196 hsa-miR-4731-5p 5.31E−04 − 197hsa-miR-6889-5p 6.59E−04 + 198 hsa-miR-6786-5p 6.60E−04 + 199hsa-miR-92a-3p 1.13E−03 − 200 hsa-miR-4294 1.17E−03 − 201hsa-miR-4763-3p 1.35E−03 + 202 hsa-miR-6076 1.38E−03 + 203 hsa-miR-663a1.52E−03 + 204 hsa-miR-760 2.13E−03 + 205 hsa-miR-4667-5p 2.18E−03 + 206hsa-miR-6090 2.38E−03 + 207 hsa-miR-4730 2.79E−03 + 208 hsa-miR-7106-5p2.80E−03 − 209 hsa-miR-3196 3.86E−03 + 210 hsa-miR-5698 4.60E−03 − 211hsa-miR-6087 5.73E−03 − 212 hsa-miR-4665-5p 5.91E−03 − 213 hsa-miR-80598.38E−03 − 214 hsa-miR-6879-5p 8.44E−03 +

Example 4

<Method for Evaluating Esophageal Cancer-Specific DiscriminantPerformance by Combination of Multiple Gene Markers Using Samples ofValidation Cohort>

In this Example, gene markers for diagnosis were selected by comparinggene expression levels of miRNAs in serum of esophageal cancer patientswith that of a control group consisting of healthy subjects, pancreaticcancer patients, bile duct cancer patients, colorectal cancer patients,stomach cancer patients, liver cancer patients, and benignpancreaticobiliary disease patients in the same way as the methoddescribed in Example 1 using the gene markers selected in Example 1 andtargeting the training cohort described in Reference Example 2. Thepolynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented bySEQ ID NOs: 666 to 676 thus newly selected were further combined withthe polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences representedby SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 to study a method for evaluating esophagealcancer-specific discriminant performance.

Specifically, first, the miRNA expression levels in the training cohortand the validation cohort obtained in Reference Example 2 mentionedabove were combined and normalized by quantile normalization. Next,Fisher's discriminant analysis was conducted as to combinations of 1 to6 expression level measurement values comprising at least one of theexpression level measurement values of the polynucleotides consisting ofthe nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to676, to construct a discriminant for determining the presence or absenceof esophageal cancer. Next, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity inthe validation cohort were calculated using the discriminant thusprepared, with the esophageal cancer patient group as a positive samplegroup and, on the other hand, the healthy subject group, the pancreaticcancer patient group, the bile duct cancer patient group, the colorectalcancer patient group, the stomach cancer patient group, the liver cancerpatient group, and the benign pancreaticobiliary disease patient groupas a negative sample groups. The discriminant performance of theselected polynucleotides was validated using the independent samples.

Most of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequencesrepresented by these SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 214 and 666 to 676 orcomplementary sequences thereof were able to provide relatively highaccuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the determination of thepresence or absence of esophageal cancer, and furthermore, were able tospecifically discriminate esophageal cancer from the other cancers. Forexample, at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consistingof polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented bySEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, 8, 22, 32, 33, 35, 43, 44, 56, 85, 98, 106, 109,115, 121, 126, 133, 138, 155, 157, 166, 177, 179, 185, 202, 212, 666,667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675 and 676 or complementarysequences thereof (the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1) wasable to specifically bind to the target marker.

Among the combinations of multiple polynucleotides selected from cancertype-specific polynucleotide group 1, particularly, combinationscomprising at least one polynucleotide selected from the groupconsisting of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequencesrepresented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 22, 85, 109, 121, 126, 133, 138, 166, and666 or complementary sequences thereof (the cancer type-specificpolynucleotide group 2) were able to specifically discriminateesophageal cancer from the other cancers with high accuracy.

The number of the polynucleotides with cancer type specificity in thecombination described above can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or morefor the combination. The combinations of 6 or more of thesepolynucleotides were able to exhibit discriminant accuracy of 85% orhigher. Specific results about the discrimination accuracy of themeasurement using each polynucleotide in the cancer type-specificpolynucleotide group 2 will be described below.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-1. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 65.4% in the training cohort and accuracy of 65.4%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 78.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 77.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 85.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 79.8% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.2% in the training cohort and accuracy of 88.8% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 92.7% in the training cohort and accuracy of 93.1% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 22 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-2. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 70.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 69.1%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 83.0% in the training cohort and accuracy of 77.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 86.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 81.9% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 87.2% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.4% in the training cohort and accuracy of 86.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 22 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 85 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-3. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 65.2% in the training cohort and accuracy of 61.2%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 79.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 77.1% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 84.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 78.1% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 88.5% in the training cohort and accuracy of 88.8% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 90.8% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.0% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 85 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.0% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 109 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-4. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 57.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 54.8%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 83.0% in the training cohort and accuracy of 76.1% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 85.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 81.9% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 88.7% in the training cohort and accuracy of 84.5% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 109 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 121 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-5. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 72.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 67.6%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 81.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 73.9% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 86.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 79.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.0% in the training cohort and accuracy of 83.0% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.4% in the training cohort and accuracy of 86.2% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 121 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 89.9% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 126 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-6. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 73.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 66.0%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 83.5% in the training cohort and accuracy of 76.1% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 88.5% in the training cohort and accuracy of 79.8% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.8% in the training cohort and accuracy of 84.0% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.5% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 126 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 92.7% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 133 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-7. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 52.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 54.8%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 81.7% in the training cohort and accuracy of 79.3% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 86.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 83.5% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.0% in the training cohort and accuracy of 86.1% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 90.8% in the training cohort and accuracy of 89.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 133 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 89.4% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 138 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-8. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 70.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 68.1%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 80.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 77.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 85.8% in the training cohort and accuracy of 92.0% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.5% in the training cohort and accuracy of 88.8% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 138 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 166 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-9. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 71.7% in the training cohort and accuracy of 72.3%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 80.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 77.7% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 86.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 81.9% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 90.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 87.2% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 92.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 90.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 166 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.6% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.5% in thevalidation cohort.

The discriminant accuracy of the measurement using the polynucleotideconsisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 666 or acomplementary sequence thereof is shown in Table 8-10. The measurementusing one polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequencerepresented by SEQ ID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereofexhibited accuracy of 56.0% in the training cohort and accuracy of 53.2%in the validation cohort. Also, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of two polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 81.2% in the training cohort and accuracy of 78.2% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of three polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 85.9% in the training cohort and accuracy of 81.4% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of four polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 89.2% in the training cohort and accuracy of 89.9% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of five polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 91.3% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.0% in thevalidation cohort. Furthermore, for example, the measurement using thecombinations of six polynucleotides comprising at least onepolynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQID NO: 666 or a complementary sequence thereof exhibited the highestaccuracy of 92.1% in the training cohort and accuracy of 91.5% in thevalidation cohort.

The expression level measurement values of the polynucleotidesconsisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 5,85, 138, 166, and 666 were compared among 34 esophageal cancer patients,103 healthy subjects, 69 pancreatic cancer patients, 66 bile duct cancerpatients, 30 colorectal cancer patients, 33 stomach cancer patients, 32liver cancer patients, and 15 benign pancreaticobiliary disease patientsin the training cohort. As a result, a variance diagram thatsignificantly separated the discriminant score of the esophageal cancerpatient group from the discriminant scores of the other groups wasobtained in the training cohort (see FIG. 4 (schematic A)). Theseresults were also reproducible for the validation cohort (see FIG. 4(schematic B)).

TABLE 8-1 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 1 65.4 76.5 64.4 65.4 62.5 65.7 1_22 78.3 85.3 77.6 77.7 87.576.7 1_22_126 85.9 100 84.5 79.8 87.5 79.1 1_138_166_666 89.2 94.1 88.888.8 81.2 89.5 1_121_138_166_666 91.1 94.1 90.8 90.4 87.5 90.71_85_138_166_666_668 90.6 94.1 90.2 91.5 81.2 92.4 1_85_98_138_166_66690.8 97.1 90.2 92 87.5 92.4 1_85_138_155_166_666 91.9 97.1 91.4 91.581.2 92.4 1_5_85_138_166_666 92.7 91.2 92.8 93.1 81.2 94.21_35_85_138_166_666 90.8 97.1 90.2 91 81.2 91.9

TABLE 8-2 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 22 70.9 76.5 70.4 69.1 75 68.6 22_126 83 88.2 82.5 77.7 75 77.922_126_166 86.9 100 85.6 81.9 81.2 82 22_98_166_666 89.3 94.1 88.8 87.2100 86 22_98_166_666_668 91.4 94.1 91.1 86.7 81.2 87.21_22_85_138_166_666 91.3 94.1 91.1 91.5 81.2 92.4 22_32_121_133_166_66691.6 100 90.8 88.3 81.2 89 1_22_126_138_166_666 91.3 100 90.5 92 87.592.4 1_22_121_155_166_666 90.1 91.2 89.9 89.9 93.8 89.522_32_109_121_666_667 91.9 97.1 91.4 90.4 81.2 91.2

TABLE 8-3 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 85 65.2 73.5 64.4 61.2 12.5 65.7 2_85 79.1 91.2 77.9 77.1 68.877.9 85_138_667 84.3 94.1 83.3 78.1 56.2 80.1 22_85_166_666 88.5 94.187.9 88.8 81.2 89.5 1_85_138_166_666 90.8 97.1 90.2 91 81.2 91.985_138_166_185_666_669 91.1 97.1 90.5 90.4 75 91.985_138_166_185_666_676 91.3 97.1 90.8 91 87.5 91.385_138_166_177_185_666 91.3 97.1 90.8 89.9 75 91.385_138_166_185_666_667 91.6 97.1 91.1 89.8 75 91.2 33_85_138_166_185_66691.6 97.1 91.1 91 81.2 91.9

TABLE 8-4 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 109 57.6 64.7 56.9 54.8 56.2 54.7 33_109 83 100 81.3 76.1 81.275.6 22_109_126 85.9 94.1 85.1 81.9 75 82.6 33_109_121_667 88.7 94.188.2 84.5 81.2 84.8 109_126_138_166_666 91.1 97.1 90.5 90.4 81.2 91.3109_121_126_138_166_666 91.6 97.1 91.1 90.4 87.5 90.71_85_109_138_166_666 91.1 97.1 90.5 91 81.2 91.9 1_109_121_138_166_66690.8 91.2 90.8 89.9 87.5 90.1 109_126_138_166_666_676 91.9 100 91.1 90.481.2 91.3 109_126_138_166_202_666 91.1 97.1 90.5 90.4 81.2 91.3

TABLE 8-5 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 121 72.3 73.5 72.1 67.6 43.8 69.8 2_121 81.9 91.2 81 73.9 7573.8 22_121_667 86.1 94.1 85.3 79.7 87.5 78.9 22_109_121_126 89 91.288.8 83 81.2 83.1 22_32_109_121_666 91.4 100 90.5 86.2 68.8 87.81_121_138_166_666_668 90.3 91.2 90.2 89.9 75 91.3 1_33_121_138_166_66691.6 100 90.8 89.9 87.5 90.1 1_85_121_138_166_666 90.6 94.1 90.2 92 87.592.4 1_121_38_166_179_666 90.6 94.1 90.2 91 87.5 91.31_121_138_166_177_666 91.1 94.1 90.8 91 87.5 91.3

TABLE 8-6 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 126 73.6 76.5 73.3 66 25 69.8 126_138 83.5 88.2 83 76.1 43.879.1 109_126_138 88.5 94.1 87.9 79.8 68.8 80.8 22_126_166_202 89.8 10088.8 84 81.2 84.3 1_126_138_166_666 91.1 97.1 90.5 91.5 87.5 91.932_109_126_138_166_666 91.9 100 91.1 92 87.5 92.4 1_85_126_138_166_66690.8 97.1 90.2 91 81.2 91.9 1_109_126_138_166_666 92.7 100 91.9 90.481.2 91.3 22_109_126_138_166_666 91.3 100 90.5 89.9 81.2 90.7109_126_138_157_166_666 91.1 97.1 90.5 90.4 81.2 91.3

TABLE 8-7 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 133 52.9 50 53.2 54.8 56.2 54.7 33_133 81.7 94.1 80.5 79.3 81.279.1 22_126_133 86.1 94.1 85.3 83.5 93.8 82.6 22_126_133_667 89 100 87.986.1 93.8 85.4 126_133_138_166_666 90.8 97.1 90.2 89.4 87.5 89.5126_133_138_166_666_672 90.8 97.1 90.2 89.4 87.5 89.5126_133_138_166_666_ 90.8 97.1 90.2 89.4 87.5 89.5109_126_133_138_166_666 91.3 97.1 90.8 89.4 81.2 90.1126_133_138_166_666_673 91.1 97.1 90.5 89.4 87.5 89.5126_133_138_166_666_675 91.1 97.1 90.5 89.4 87.5 89.5

TABLE 8-8 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 138 70.1 70.6 70 68.1 68.8 68 33_138 80.1 94.1 78.7 77.7 75 77.9138_166_666 85.8 94.1 85 92 93.8 91.9 138_166_185_666 89.5 97.1 88.888.8 93.8 88.4 85_138_166_185_666 91.6 97.1 91.1 90.4 75 91.91_85_138_166_666_669 90.8 97.1 90.2 91 81.2 91.9 8_85_138_166_185_66691.6 97.1 91.1 91 81.2 91.9 1_35_121_138_166_666 91.9 97.1 91.4 90.487.5 90.7 1_121_126_138_166_666 90.8 97.1 90.2 90.4 87.5 90.71_121_138_166_666_672 91.3 94.1 91.1 89.9 87.5 90.1

TABLE 8-9 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 166 71.7 91.2 69.8 72.3 75 72.1 33_166 80.9 94.1 79.6 77.7 68.878.5 22_126_166 86.9 100 85.6 81.9 81.2 82 22_121_166_666 90.1 97.1 89.487.2 93.8 86.6 121_138_166_185_666 92.1 97.1 91.6 90.4 93.8 90.11_85_138_166_666_672 91.6 97.1 91.1 91.5 81.2 92.4 56_85_138_166_185_66691.6 97.1 91.1 89.4 75 90.7 1_32_121_138_166_666 91.3 100 90.5 91 81.291.9 1_22_121_138_166_666 91.3 100 90.5 89.9 87.5 90.15_85_138_166_185_666 90.8 97.1 90.2 89.4 87.5 89.5

TABLE 8-10 Training cohort Validation cohort Accuracy SensitivitySpecificity Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity SEQ ID NO: (%) (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) 666 56 41.2 57.5 53.2 75 51.2 33_666 81.2 85.3 80.7 78.2 62.579.7 2_32_666 85.9 97.1 84.8 81.4 68.8 82.6 98_138_166_666 89.2 91.2 8989.9 87.5 90.1 98_138_166_666_668 91.3 91.2 91.4 91 87.5 91.31_121_138_157_166_666 90.8 94.1 90.5 90.4 87.5 90.7 1_85_133_138_166_66692.1 97.1 91.6 91.5 81.2 92.4 1_121_138_166_185_666 91.3 100 90.5 9187.5 91.3 1_121_138_166_666_667 91.1 97.1 90.5 90.4 87.5 90.685_138_166_185_666 91.6 97.1 91.1 90.4 75 91.9

Comparative Example 1

<Esophageal Cancer Discriminant Performance of Existing Tumor Marker inBlood>

The concentrations of the existing esophageal cancer tumor markers CEAand SCC in blood were measured in the training cohort and the validationcohort obtained in the preceding Reference Examples. When theconcentrations of these tumor markers in blood are higher than thereference values described in Non-Patent Literature 3 above (CEA: 5ng/mL, SCC: 1.5 ng/mL), subjects are suspected of having cancer, as arule. Thus, whether or not the concentrations of CEA and SCC in bloodexceeded their reference values was confirmed for each sample, and theresults were assessed for the ability of these tumor markers to detectcancer in esophageal cancer patients. The sensitivity of each existingmarker in the training cohort and the validation cohort was calculated.The results are shown in Table 5. The sensitivity of CEA was as low as12.1% in the training cohort, and was as low as 18.8% in the validationcohort, whereas the sensitivity of SCC remained at 36.4% in the trainingcohort and 37.5% in the validation cohort, demonstrating that neither ofthe markers are useful in the detection of esophageal cancer (Tables 5-1and 5-2).

On the other hand, as shown above in Tables 3 and 6 of Examples 1 and 2,it can be concluded that in all of the polynucleotides consisting of thenucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 189, combinationsof 1 or 2 polynucleotides exhibiting sensitivity beyond the existingesophageal cancer markers are presented and thus such polynucleotidesserve as excellent diagnosis markers.

As shown in these Examples and Comparative Example, the kit, etc., andthe method of the present invention can detect esophageal cancer withhigher sensitivity than the existing tumor markers and therefore permitearly detection and treatment of esophageal cancer. As a result,survival rates can be improved, and a therapeutic option of endoscopictherapy or photo dynamic therapy, which places less burden on patients,can also be applied.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the present invention, esophageal cancer can be effectivelydetected by a simple and inexpensive method. This enables earlydetection, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. The method ofthe present invention can detect esophageal cancer with limitedinvasiveness using the blood of a patient and therefore allowsesophageal cancer to be detected conveniently and rapidly.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for detecting esophageal cancer ina human subject, comprising measuring expression level ofhsa-miR-6857-5p in a blood, serum or plasma sample of the subject,comparing the measured expression level of hsa-miR-6857-5p to a controlexpression level for a healthy subject; detecting an increased level ofhsa-miR-6857-5p in the sample from the subject as compared to thecontrol expression level; wherein the increased level of hsa-miR-6857-5pindicates that the subject has esophageal cancer; and wherein the methodfurther comprises treating the subject for the esophageal cancer orperforming a diagnostic procedure on the subject with the esophagealcancer; wherein the treating comprises surgery, radiotherapy,chemotherapy, or a combination thereof; and wherein the diagnosticprocedure comprises esophagography, endoscopy, CT scan, MRI scan,endosonography, or ultrasonography.
 2. The method according to claim 1,comprising performing the diagnostic procedure on the subject.
 3. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the expression level ofhsa-miR-6857-5p in the is measured by using a device comprising anucleic acid(s) that specifically binds to hsa-miR-6857-5p.
 4. Themethod according to claim 3, wherein the device further comprises atleast one nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least onepolynucleotide selected from the group consisting of other esophagealcancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3188,miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-6825-5p, miR-7641,miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p, miR-4433b-3p,miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792, miR-7845-5p, miR-4417,miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p, miR-150-3p,miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p, miR-615-5p,miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p, miR-187-5p,miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-7110-5p,miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467, miR-7109-5p,miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p, miR-8072,miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p,miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651,miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p,miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154,miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476,miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p,miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197,miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p,miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p,miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202,miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443,miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b,miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p,miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b,miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p,miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532,miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739,miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p,miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688,miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p,miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p,miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p, and/or miR-575, miR-24-3p,miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p,miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294,miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090,miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p,miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p.
 5. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe expression level of hsa-miR-6857-5p in the sample is measured byusing a kit comprising a nucleic acid(s) that specifically binds tohsa-miR-6857-5p.
 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the kitfurther comprises at least one nucleic acid capable of specificallybinding to at least one polynucleotide selected from the groupconsisting of other esophageal cancer markers: miR-1247-3p, miR-6875-5p,miR-6726-5p, miR-3188, miR-8069, miR-4257, miR-1343-3p, miR-7108-5p,miR-6825-5p, miR-7641, miR-3185, miR-4746-3p, miR-6791-5p, miR-6893-5p,miR-4433b-3p, miR-3135b, miR-6781-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-4792,miR-7845-5p, miR-4417, miR-3184-5p, miR-1225-5p, miR-1231, miR-1225-3p,miR-150-3p, miR-4433-3p, miR-6125, miR-4513, miR-6787-5p, miR-6784-5p,miR-615-5p, miR-6765-3p, miR-5572, miR-6842-5p, miR-8063, miR-6780b-5p,miR-187-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-6729-5p, miR-6741-5p, miR-6757-5p,miR-7110-5p, miR-7975, miR-1233-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-3937, miR-4467,miR-7109-5p, miR-6088, miR-6782-5p, miR-5195-3p, miR-4454, miR-6724-5p,miR-8072, miR-4516, miR-6756-5p, miR-4665-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6820-5p,miR-6887-5p, miR-3679-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-6721-5p, miR-3622a-5p,miR-939-5p, miR-602, miR-7977, miR-6749-5p, miR-1914-3p, miR-4651,miR-4695-5p, miR-6848-5p, miR-1228-3p, miR-642b-3p, miR-6746-5p,miR-3620-5p, miR-3131, miR-6732-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3154,miR-4723-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-4734, miR-6816-5p, miR-4442, miR-4476,miR-423-5p, miR-1249, miR-6515-3p, miR-887-3p, miR-4741, miR-6766-3p,miR-4673, miR-6779-5p, miR-4706, miR-1268b, miR-4632-5p, miR-3197,miR-6798-5p, miR-711, miR-6840-3p, miR-6763-5p, miR-6727-5p,miR-371a-5p, miR-6824-5p, miR-4648, miR-1227-5p, miR-564, miR-3679-3p,miR-2861, miR-6737-5p, miR-4725-3p, miR-6716-5p, miR-4675, miR-1915-3p,miR-671-5p, miR-3656, miR-6722-3p, miR-4707-5p, miR-4449, miR-1202,miR-4649-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-451a, miR-6870-5p, miR-4443,miR-6808-5p, miR-4728-5p, miR-937-5p, miR-135a-3p, miR-663b,miR-1343-5p, miR-6822-5p, miR-6803-5p, miR-6805-3p, miR-128-2-5p,miR-4640-5p, miR-1469, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-3940-5p, miR-4281, miR-1260b,miR-4758-5p, miR-1915-5p, miR-5001-5p, miR-4286, miR-6126, miR-6789-5p,miR-4459, miR-1268a, miR-6752-5p, miR-6131, miR-6800-5p, miR-4532,miR-6872-3p, miR-718, miR-6769a-5p, miR-4707-3p, miR-6765-5p, miR-4739,miR-4525, miR-4270, miR-4534, miR-6785-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-4697-5p,miR-1260a, miR-4486, miR-6880-5p, miR-6802-5p, miR-6861-5p, miR-92b-5p,miR-1238-5p, miR-6851-5p, miR-7704, miR-149-3p, miR-4689, miR-4688,miR-125a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-614, miR-1913, miR-16-5p, miR-6717-5p,miR-3648, miR-3162-5p, miR-1909-3p, miR-8073, miR-6769b-5p, miR-6836-3p,miR-4484, miR-6819-5p, and miR-6794-5p, and/or miR-575, miR-24-3p,miR-675-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6777-5p, miR-4497, miR-296-3p, miR-6738-5p,miR-4731-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6786-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-4294,miR-4763-3p, miR-6076, miR-663a, miR-760, miR-4667-5p, miR-6090,miR-4730, miR-7106-5p, miR-3196, miR-5698, miR-6087, miR-4665-5p,miR-8059, and miR-6879-5p.